«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 1(84), March 2026

Abstract

University laboratories are shifting from the "catch-up" development of proprietary neural network models toward the creation of applied engineering solutions leveraging public large language models (LLMs). This transition may streamline the “data-to-decision” cycle, improve calculation reproducibility, and facilitate communication among clients, designers, and regulatory bodies. LLMs serve as a universal interface for knowledge, code, and data, functioning as orchestrators for specialized subsystems such as computer vision and graph models. An engineering LLM agent can be understood as a system providing integration with domain services, access to corporate knowledge bases, context management, and action logging. Within the proposed architecture, the LLM acts as a governance layer over corporate data, regulatory frameworks, and domain models, while meeting engineering verification requirements aimed at preventing plausible but incorrect outputs. The practical significance of this research lies in the phased deployment of LLM agents within design workflows to structure survey and design documentation, extract key parameters, check them against applicable requirements, and prepare traceable reports, while engineers retain ultimate responsibility for final decisions.

Keywords: large language models (LLMs), engineering LLM agents, tool orchestration, domain models (CNN/GNN), retrieval and grounding of relevant materials (RAG), prompt templates, BIM and GIS integration, cloud data platforms, IoT data and monitoring, engineering verification and audit

References

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Abstract

This paper presents a study of the vehicle impact angle α effect on the magnitude of the dynamic impact load transmitted to a concrete road barrier. Based on an analysis of international publications and the authors' own research findings, it was established that actual vehicle impact angles often exceed the standard value of 20° specified by Russian GOST standards and, under real-world conditions, may reach up to 35°. Using virtual testing based on the finite element method (FEM) and the ANSYS LS-DYNA software package, the peak values of the horizontal transverse dynamic impact load exerted by a vehicle on rigidly fixed concrete road barriers of containment levels У3 and У7 were determined for impact angles of 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees, taking into account the barrier location on the roadway (straight or curved section). It was found that even at the standard impact angle of 20°, this load substantially exceeds the value of 165,2 kN specified in p 6.19 of SP 35.13330.2011, by at least a factor of three. The obtained results confirm the need to improve the Russian regulatory and technical framework in the field of road safety barriers.

Keywords: vehicle impact angle on a barrier, dynamic impact load from vehicle collision with a barrier, virtual testing, finite element method (FEM)

References

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Abstract

Hydraulic cylinder synchronization systems operating in parallel under uneven loads often lose stroke synchrony due to a combination of factors: internal and external leakages, compressibility of aerated oil, temperature-dependent viscosity variations, and second-order kinematic effects in the "cylinder–pipeline–structure" assembly. If uncontrolled, these deviations not only reduce productivity but also threaten the reliability and operational safety of wheel loaders. The article presents an extended mathematical model developed by the authors for two parallel working hydraulic cylinders, incorporating: a generalized temperature-dependent leakage model; the effective bulk modulus of aerated oil; the separation of two kinematic modes (mean displacement and synchronization error) in the form of second-order systems; and a first-order thermal model describing the thermo-hydraulic feedback. The model assumes three types of errors: initial error, final error, and fatigue error, corresponding to cumulative drift, geometric accuracy at the working point, and the tendency for synchronization to decrease over time. The model is adapted for five typical synchronization schemes: throttle control, spool-type flow divider, rotary flow divider, series circuit, and Master–Slave circuit. Simulations were performed for the lifting mechanism of a medium-sized wheel loader under two scenarios: "cold" deaerated oil and hot aerated oil, taking into account intensive dynamic loads. Results show that the rotary flow divider circuit ensures small errors (initial, final, and fatigue), is relatively insensitive to temperature fluctuations and oil aeration levels, and also exhibits the lowest energy losses and slight oil heating. Conversely, schemes with throttles and spools demonstrate more significant errors and high sensitivity to hot oil, while the series circuit and Master–Slave show a significant increase in fatigue error in the absence of resynchronization mechanisms.

Keywords: synchronization of parallel hydraulic cylinders, effective bulk modulus, kinematic modes, error (initial, final, fatigue), resynchronization mechanism, wheel loader, flow divider, oil aeration, thermal balance

References

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Abstract

The article provides an analysis of the composition and content of the works performed during the maintenance and repair of hydraulic hammers, on the basis of which the works are classified according to their complexity and the possibility of performing them in field or stationary conditions is established. The article considers options for centralizing production and formulates possible repair strategies that involve varying degrees of participation by equipment owners and technical service companies in maintaining the functionality of hydraulic hammers. The article identifies optimal repair strategies for hydraulic hammers for different sizes of the fleet. Game theory was used to take into account the economic interests of all enterprises. It has been established at what number of hydraulic hammers the owner of the equipment should transfer all work to technical service enterprises, at what number only maintenance and related repairs should be performed without removing the hydraulic hammer from the base machine, and at what number only centralized repair based on technical condition (CRTC) should be transferred to technical service enterprises, while the rest of the work should be carried out using the owner's own production and technical base.

Keywords: hydraulic hammer, repair strategy, fleet of machines, operability, technical service

References

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Abstract

In the context of persistently high fatality rates at the scene of road traffic accidents and rising crash rates involving commercial passenger transport, the transition to predictive and context-enriched response systems becomes critically important. Existing Intelligent Transport Systems, which automatically detect incidents, provide a limited dataset insufficient for instantly determining the required scale and specialization of emergency resources. This article substantiates the need for the development and implementation of a digital trip profile as a key element of automated incident management. The profile is a dynamic set of structured data generated from two primary sources: ITS infrastructure components (cameras, detectors, road condition sensors) and vehicle onboard systems (telematics, driver monitoring systems, passive and active sensors). At the moment of an accident, data from the profile (number and categories of passengers, medical specifics, vehicle type and condition, cargo parameters) are automatically integrated with the incident classification results. This allows the system, without operator involvement, to select the optimal response scenario and initiate a call to the necessary emergency services with a complete set of contextual information. The proposed approach eliminates the key 10–15 minute delay associated with manual verification and data gathering, providing a direct path to achieving the 20-minute standard for assistance arrival and reducing mortality rates.

Keywords: digital trip profile, automated incident management, response time, road traffic accident, intelligent transportation systems, data collection, on-board systems, infrastructure

References

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Abstract

In the context of active digitalization of the transport industry and the implementation of federal and regional programs for the development of smart cities, the introduction and use of modern digital systems for managing the transportation process in ground-based urban passenger transport (GUPT) is of particular importance. The largest megacities, including the city of Moscow, are characterized by high passenger traffic volumes, complex traffic conditions, and increased requirements for the safety and quality of transportation services for the population. One of the key factors that directly affects road safety, passenger comfort, and the efficiency of vehicle operation is the driving style and dynamics of passenger transport drivers. Sudden braking, acceleration, maneuvers, and turns not only increase the risk of traffic accidents, but also lead to an increase in accidents, a decrease in transportation comfort, increased vehicle wear and tear, and negative social consequences. In this regard, the use of the Unified Information Monitoring System "Smart Transport" is particularly relevant. It enables the collection, transmission, and analysis of vehicle movement data in near real time. This system accumulates information from onboard computers of vehicles equipped with accelerometers and enables the detection of critical driving dynamics, such as abrupt braking, acceleration, and other potentially dangerous maneuvers.

Keywords: passenger transportation, information systems, traffic safety, and digitalization, smart transport

References

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Abstract

The issues of improving the transport infrastructure of the Arctic regions, as well as assessing its condition, deserve special attention. In terms of ensuring the efficient and timely movement of goods to the Arctic regions, the main challenges are associated both with the region's climatic features and infrastructural limitations. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, like other areas of the Siberian Plain, is rich in large gas and oil fields, the operation of which requires specific equipment. In this regard, the authors of the article address the challenges of transport accessibility in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and propose an optimal route for transporting oversized cargo from a plant in Krasnoyarsk to the Dudinka river port within the framework of the region's functioning transport and technological system. The article presents the main approaches to route selection, taking into account the specifics of the territory, climatic conditions, the state of the transport infrastructure, and the peculiarities of cargo transportation in the selected region. Optimizing routes and improving the quality of infrastructural elements can significantly reduce transportation costs and the risks associated with the loss of expensive equipment for the oil and gas sector.

Keywords: Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Zapadno-Irkinskoye oil and gas field, Vostok Oil, delivery of drilling rigs, transport accessibility of the Far North, seasonality of navigation, transport and technological system

References

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6. Koz'menko A.S. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta, 2024, no. 3(147), pp. 125-130.
7. Nikolayeva A.B. Sever i rynok: formirovaniye ekonomicheskogo poryadka, 2016, no. 1(48), pp. 74-79.
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Abstract

The article discusses the issues of evolution and trends in the market of new commercial vehicles in the Russian Federation. An attempt has been made to conduct a brief overview analysis of the current state of the Russian automotive market under sanctions. A study of the modern practice of organizing the delivery of new imported commercial vehicles to the Russian market has been conducted. Based on the analysis of available statistical and scientific sources, it is proved that the effect of international sanctions on the economy and individual enterprises of the Russian Federation led to a significant transformation of the market: leading automakers whose production was localized in Russia (Volkswagen, Daimler, BMW, Kia, Hyundai, etc.) left the Russian market. It was noted that the unprecedented supply deficit was promptly filled, on the one hand, by Chinese automakers, and on the other, by supplies under parallel import schemes. There is a dominance of Chinese brands, whose share reached 80% of the market in 2025. The authors concluded that the transformation of the automotive market has become a driver not only of quantitative (lengthening the distance), but also of qualitative (complicating the structure) changes in the process of delivering new commercial vehicles of foreign manufacture to the Russian market.

Keywords: market of new commercial vehicles, sanctions, imported vehicles, automobile manufacturers, automobile dealers, automobile brands

References

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Abstract

The aim of the work is to systematize the authors' existing research findings on how different methods of placing live poultry in a motor vehicle affect its preservation during transportation. The factors determining the mortality and injury of birds are considered, including their packing density in transport boxes, as well as the ambient air temperature and the internal environment of the cargo platform. It is substantiated that the key influence on the safety of birds is the irrational filling of transport boxes with them, as well as the disruption of heat exchange between the live cargo and the internal and external environments of the covered vehicle. The essence of the conducted natural experiment for the quantitative characterization of the established influence is disclosed. The results of the experimental studies are presented in the form of established values of heating and losses of birds at different packing densities in transport boxes, as well as the magnitude of the deviation of the temperature inside the body of the poultry transport vehicle from the ambient air temperature. Practical recommendations for placing poultry inside a vehicle are provided. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were completed: analysis of factors determining live poultry losses during transportation by road; description of the plan and nature of the field experiment to establish quantitative characteristics of the effect of placing poultry in the back of a vehicle on its heating and safety during transportation; visualization of the experimental results in the form of graphs and diagrams; development of recommendations for placing transported live poultry in the back of a poultry truck.

Keywords: shipping crate, stocking density, cargo heating, poultry truck

References

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Abstract

This work presents an implementation of an intelligent agent designed for managing regulatory and technical documentation related to vehicle operation and maintenance. The AI agent facilitates the search for standards using natural language text queries submitted by the user, returning the most relevant results based on the request. At its core is the BM25 statistical document ranking algorithm, which determines the relevance of a response to the query by assessing the term frequency and informational content within the provided texts. Before searching, the query is broken down into tokens, and each token is compared against the regulatory information contained in the knowledge base. The knowledge base utilized comprises standards governing vehicle technical operation at automotive transport enterprises. To evaluate the agent's accuracy, a textual corpus consisting of fifty test queries was used for calculating precision, recall, and F1-measure. For certain categories of queries, the agent demonstrated an accuracy rate exceeding 60%. We successfully identified query categories where the agent provides incorrect information and developed specific modernization directions to expand its knowledge base and enhance overall functional accuracy. Compared to other AI agent realization methods, such as LLM (RAG) systems or word embedding models, the agent presented in this work achieves sufficient accuracy and high response speed. Crucially, it does not require external API connections to third-party models nor involves lengthy training procedures. This intelligent agent can be beneficial for engineers in the field of vehicle technical operation–either as a standalone model for processing regulatory documentation or integrated into existing corporate information systems or chatbots.

Keywords: intelligent agent, vehicle maintenance, regulatory document, search, accuracy

References

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Abstract

The article presents an extended multi-criteria methodology for the classification of maintenance spare parts, aimed at eliminating the systemic gap between the engineering requirements of maintenance departments and the logistical constraints of supply chain units. A detailed retrospective analysis of the evolution of classification approaches is conducted, revealing fundamental limitations of one-dimensional methods (ABC, VED, FSN) and complex mathematical models (fuzzy logic, analytical hierarchy) that hinder their scalability in real industrial environments. A two-stage algorithm for grouping spare parts is developed, combining operational criticality assessment based on failure consequence analysis with key logistics metrics: unit cost, lead time, demand variability, and supplier reliability. A formalized mathematical model for parameter normalization, recurrent formulas for dynamic class updating, and a decision-tree architecture ensuring the formation of four target groups with differentiated inventory replenishment strategies are presented. Practical validation of the methodology was carried out at a multi-profile automotive manufacturing complex, where processing a sample of 16,000 items confirmed the feasibility of integrating the algorithm into computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) without significant IT infrastructure overhaul. A 18,4% reduction in frozen warehouse capital, a 12,7% decrease in unplanned equipment downtime, and a 23% increase in inventory turnover were recorded. Recommendations are formulated for adapting the method to predictive maintenance digital ecosystems, asset management standards (ISO 55000), and circular economy principles. The scientific and technical significance of the proposed approach for transitioning from reactive to proactive management of industrial material resources is demonstrated.

Keywords: spare parts management; multi-criteria classification; operational criticality; logistics parameters; inventory replenishment strategy; computerized maintenance management systems; MRO optimization; predictive maintenance; industrial digital transformation

References

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Abstract

This article examines current trends and prospects for the use of combined power units (СPU) in the context of increasingly stringent environmental regulations and the transformation of the energy sector. CPU are classified by various parameters and their effectiveness is compared in various urban and intercity operating modes. A review of modern technologies (regenerative braking, start-stop systems) is used to determine the potential for reducing fuel consumption. Key development areas are identified: improving internal combustion engines for hybrid operation, optimizing energy management algorithms (Energy Management Strategy), and developing adaptive CPU for self-driving vehicles. The study's results indicate that, despite competition from electric vehicles, vehicles equipped with CPU will retain a significant market share in segments where range, cost of ownership, and versatility are critical. It is concluded that CPU are a key technological solution for the transition to an intensive development path for ground-based transport and technological systems. The advantages of various hybrid powertrain types are discussed, and the optimal type for fuel economy is selected: a sequential system with an internal combustion engine (ICE) as the primary power source and a buffer battery as an intermediate (backup) power source.

Keywords: plug-in electric vehicle, performance characteristics, maintenance, diagnostics, ecology, fuel efficiency, ICE, electric motor, battery

References

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Abstract

The article develops and optimizes the business processes of acceptance and preparation of cars for sale. It is shown that an urgent scientific and practical task is to develop a specialized software module that implements risk assessment, integrates into the existing information environment of the dealership, provides the user with a predictive risk assessment at the planning stage and helps to choose the optimal business process for car acceptance. Software has been developed to predict the risks of transport damage to new vehicles at the planning stage of their delivery to the dealership. To formalize and further optimize the dealership's activities in terms of acceptance and preparation of new cars for sale, business process models in BPMN notation have been developed before and after software implementation. An algorithm for selecting a business process has been developed, integrated with the proposed risk assessment software.

Keywords: car dealership, forecasting and risk assessment, business processes AS IS and TO BE, BPMN notation, modeling and optimization, car delivery and acceptance, pre-sale preparation, algorithm for selecting the business process of car acceptance

References

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