«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 1(80), March 2025

Abstract

The article discusses the application of building information modeling (BIM) technology to assess the technical condition of highways and to determine repair measures. Information modeling technology is now used at all stages of the lifecycle of highways, from the design phase to the construction phase. During the design phase, a digital model of the future highway is created in computer-aided design (CAD) systems. During construction, the design model is refined using laser scanning techniques to create a point cloud. At the operational stage, information modelling processes are implemented using geospatial information systems, but after construction, data in the form of a detailed road surface model is not imported or used by these systems. Instead, assessment of transport and operational indicators is performed by road diagnostic laboratories and the evaluation results are processed in specialized software designed specifically for each laboratory and imported into geographic information systems. This approach facilitates the assessment of transportation and operational conditions in domestic computer-aided design systems and allows for exporting assessment data to geographic information systems for planning and scheduling repair activities, as well as business intelligence systems with the same purpose. In addition, the described approach will improve the accuracy of assessing the operational condition indicators of "longitudinal evenness" and "transverse evenness".

Keywords: transport and operational condition of highways, information modeling technology, purpose of repair measures, digital information model for highway diagnostics

References

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Abstract

The article analyzes a pilot project for the integration of building information modeling (BIM) technologies at the design stage of a toll road development element. The study covers the use of digital information models (DIM) as one of the main areas of information modeling with the parallel implementation of the corresponding specialized software, used for creating, analyzing, sharing and other actions with DIM components. The text examines in detail the main advantages of using BIM and identifies the difficulties of integrating new technologies into the current conditions of a construction project. The authors highlight the importance of BIM in improving the quality of design, preventing errors and optimizing the release of documentation. The results of the pilot project prove the promise of BIM in domestic design, despite the current challenges and limitations described in this study.

Keywords: building information modeling, design solutions, BIM integration, common data environment, specialized software, design, interoperability

References

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Abstract

During production, steel ropes are subjected to force processing of wires and strands to give them the shape of a helical spiral (preformation), which determines their position in the product. However, the quality of the wire material and the tolerances of their diameters lead to the formation of a stochastic nature of the combination of the curvature shape of the helical spiral in discrete sections of the rope, which is a consequence of the displacement of the dynamic axis relative to the static one. Technological imperfections of wires can be taken into account when manufacturing a steel rope using an artificial neural network and, in the future, predict the process of formation of the "waviness" defect during operation. The waviness parameters during operation can be determined using computer vision. Operating experience based on a statistical database of rope defects, expert assessment of the influence of various factors on the formation of the waviness defect, recommendations of current standards for steel ropes, existing functional and correlation dependencies of operational characteristics made it possible to train neural networks for an integrated assessment of damage to steel ropes with prediction of their remaining life and issuance of recommendations for replacement or further use.

Keywords: artificial neural network, dynamic axis, static axis, rejection indicator, steel rope defect, computer vision, rope working condition

References

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Abstract

The article analyzes the reasons why the operation of the fleet of ground transportation and technological means is divided into production (РEM) and technical (TEM). The conclusion is made about the disadvantages of such separation and its negative impact on the effectiveness of the final results of the fleet of cars. An integrated approach to the planning of the РEM and TEM fleet of cars is proposed. The task of integrated planning of the РEM and TEM fleet of cars is set as a task of the theory of schedules. The formulation of the problem and the general method of its solution are proposed, which provides for controlling the process of leaving machines for repair. It is indicated that the process of uniform repair allows you to maintain the productivity of the fleet at a stable level. Attention is drawn to the complexity of the real task of complex planning of the РEM and TEM fleet of cars, the lack of proven methods for solving such problems. A heuristic method is proposed, which provides for the coordination of the processes of performing specified amounts of work by machines and the processes of putting machines into repair. To solve the problem of substantiating the processes of machine repair, it is planned to use the theory of aging of machines and, in particular, the indicator of the reserve (consumption) of the machine's resource. The methods of controlling the frequency of machines going into repair are considered and a conclusion is made about the preference of statistical methods that allow taking into account the technical condition of the machine and provide an individual approach to the use of technology. Various options for the distribution of resource reserves before the scheduled repair of machines are considered, the main directions of solving the problem are justified, it is shown what the ideal solution should be, and how to approach it.

Keywords: ground transportation and technological means, fleet of vehicles, operation, resource before repair, planning, resource reserve

References

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Abstract

In recent years, polymer composite materials (PCMs) have found wide application in various industries: construction, machine tool building, aviation, mechanical engineering, etc. This is due to their advantages such as light weight combined with high deformation resistance, strength properties, durability, chemical resistance, efficiency, etc. One of the promising areas of application of polymer composite materials is field repair of body parts of road construction machines. The most promising for repairing road construction equipment in the field are epoxy-sand composites, in which epoxy resin with a “cold” type hardener is used as a binder, and sand as a filler. Their advantage is that the curing of these materials can be carried out at room temperature (in the open air), they have good adhesion to most metals and alloys and allow them to provide the required performance properties. The article presents the results of a study of the deformation-strength characteristics of epoxy-sand composites. The influence of the preparation of dispersed filler on the properties and structure of the composite was assessed. The values of the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the epoxy-sand composite were determined. It has been established that the properties of the material significantly depend on the concentration and quality of preparation of the dispersed filler.

Keywords: polymer composite materials, particulate-filled composites, epoxy-sand composites, field repairs, strength characteristics

References

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Abstract

The article addresses the problem of optimizing the location of a regional logistics center for the efficient delivery of goods using a combined scheme based on circular routes. The study proposes a method for determining the coordinates of the regional center, taking into account the specifics of transportation processes, the distribution of demand points, and the constraints of the transport network. A mathematical model is developed to minimize transportation costs and time, integrating both direct and circular delivery routes. The analysis includes an assessment of logistical efficiency and the impact of the regional center's location on the overall performance of the transportation system. The proposed approach is validated using computational experiments based on real-world data, demonstrating its applicability for improving the management of regional freight transportation.

Keywords: regional logistics center, circular routes, goods delivery, transportation optimization, coordinates determination

References

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Abstract

The paper describes the results of testing of the developed complex method for monitoring and forecasting hazardous air pollution by recreational vessels and motor vehicles in the historical center of St. Petersburg. It’s based on experimentally refined values of specific emissions of vehicles, single-deck motor ships and recreational boats. It is shown that carbon monoxide concentration may exceed national standard by 1.09-2.70 times, and nitrogen dioxide concentration ‒ by 1.22-5.57 times at unfavorable weather conditions and intense traffic in the historical center of St. Petersburg.

Keywords: hazardous air pollution, monitoring, forecasting, motor transport, small vessels, single-deck passenger ships

References

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Abstract

The article provides an analysis of the hybrid vehicle fleet in Russia and the reasons for their distribution. It analyzes the shortcomings of existing approaches to assessing the environmental safety of hybrid vehicles, which have different design types and performance properties. It considers legislative issues to stimulate the development of more efficient vehicles in Russia and other countries. The article presents the results of studies to determine the environmental safety, economy and energy efficiency of hybrid vehicles depending on the type of hybrid engine. It is proposed to assess the environmental properties and fuel efficiency based on recommendations for assessing the energy efficiency of vehicles. The article presents the results of assessing the energy efficiency of hybrid vehicles of categories M1 and N1 used in Russia based on factory data on fuel consumption and calculation results. It is proposed to assess the efficiency of hybrid vehicles of categories N2, N3, M2, M3 based on the calculated specific fuel consumption when driving according to the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycles (WLTC) and the energy efficiency coefficient. It is recommended to classify heavier vehicles of categories N2, N3, M2, M3 as energy efficient if their specific fuel consumption during testing according to the World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) is less than 280 g/kW h, and their efficiency is more than 22%.

Keywords: hybrid vehicles, assessment, environmental safety, fuel efficiency, energy efficiency, CO2 emissions, justification

References

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Abstract

The issue of speed limits and the non-penalized threshold for speeding is currently a matter of wide debate. The article presents arguments about the establishment of speed limits in urban and suburban traffic conditions on the basis of road safety requirements. A study of the effect of the residual speed of a car on the severity of the consequences of road accidents was carried out. Based on the analysis of the values of the social risk indicator (the number of deaths per hundred thousand population) for different countries and the non-penalized speed threshold adopted in them, regression dependencies are calculated. It has been established that the higher the non-penalized speed threshold, the higher the value of social risk in the country. The effect of the maximum speed value, taking into account the non-penalized threshold, on the severity of consequences was also investigated. On the example of the Volgograd region, the state of road safety (social risk) in the districts of the region, the city of Volgograd, the entire region is analyzed in comparison with the all-Russian indicators for the last five years. All subjects were divided into three groups according to the level of security. In conclusion, the need to change the non-penalized threshold for exceeding the speed limit is considered. It is proposed to install it differentially, depending on the type of road.

Keywords: automobile, traffic, speed limit, traffic safety

References

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Abstract

Currently, road transport, including freight, differs significantly from each other in different countries of the world. The classification of road freight transportation depends on various factors: the legislation of the country or the relevant union of countries, climatic conditions of transportation, vehicle parameters, including requirements for maintenance and repair, cargo specifics, the size of shipments, the territory of transportation, transportation time, road transport infrastructure. In order to optimize freight transportation processes, advanced countries and enterprises are creating integrated transport systems that allow them to solve problems of efficient transportation of goods and cargo at minimal cost. Transport industry specialists are developing and modernizing methods for managing transport systems that address a wide range of issues and disciplines, including mathematical modeling, system analysis, and information technology. This article discusses key scientific ideas, provides a classification and structure of the main methods used to minimize situations of uncertainty in transport systems, in the implementation of road freight transportation. In this regard, mathematical models and methods are used to accurately describe these uncertainties.

Keywords: methodological approach, uncertainty, metrics structuring, efficiency matrix, information situation

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Abstract

This article analyzes the main factors that influence the development of transport infrastructure facilities of the Russian Arctic transport system. Based on the study of the main areas of development of the territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, presented in documents and legislative acts on strategic planning, decrees and instructions of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as in national projects and programs, the authors identified the main risks and features of this region that hinder its development in terms of transport logistics, planning and organization of its commodity flows along the Northern Sea Route. Within the framework of this article, the authors analyze the current state of sea port infrastructure facilities located along the Northern Sea Route, statistical indicators of the dynamics and structure of cargo turnover, characteristics of the main seaports of the Northern Sea Route, as well as the current state of the rolling stock of FSUE Rosmorport, on the basis of which they formulate conclusions about the prospects and main areas of development of logistics of international goods movement along the Northern Sea Route and the factors that hinder such development.

Keywords: transport system, transport infrastructure, logistics of transport flows, regions of the Arctic zone, the Northern Sea Route, seaport infrastructure facilities, the state of rolling stock, directions of development of the transport system

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