«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 2(53), June 2018

Abstract. The article examines the effect of winter conditions on the failure rate of the brake system of the bus passenger transport enterprise of the city of Orenburg, the analysis of possible malfunctions of brake systems in low temperature conditions, represented by a graph of the effect of air temperature and fraction of days with precipitation on the failure rate of brake systems of buses, with the help of the mathematical model suggests an optimal planning strategy deficit. The result of improvement will be the reduction of operating costs by establishing the laws of formation of the flow of failures of the braking system of the buses subject to the influence of seasonal variations of intensity and operating conditions.

Keywords: failure rate, braking system, rolling stock, reliability, model, operating conditions.

References

1. Filatov M.I., Bulatov S.V. Transportnye sistemy Sibiri. Razvitie transportnoj sistemy kak katalizator rosta ehkonomiki gosudarstv, Sbornik statei, Krasnoyarsk, Sibirskij federal'nyj universitet, 2016, pp. 408-411.
2. Filatov M.I., Bulatov S.V. Avtotransportnoe predpriyatie, 2016, no. 6, pp. 37-40.
3. Bulatov S.V. Aktual'nye napravleniya nauchnyh issledovanij XXI veka: teoriya i praktika, 2015, vol. 3, no. 8-2 (19-2), pp. 62-66.
4. Bulatov S.V. Problemy issledovaniya sistem i sredstv avtomobil'nogo transporta, Sbornik statei, Tula, TulGU, 2017, Vol. 1, pp. 86-91.
5. Zotov V.B. Metody povysheniya ehffektivnosti tekhnicheskoj ehkspluatacii gorodskih avtobusov (Methods of increasing the efficiency of technical operation of city buses), Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, MADI, 1994, 183 p.
6. Zakharov N.S., Abakumov V.G., Rakitin A.N. Nauchno-tekhnicheskij vestnik Povolzh'ya, 2014, no. 1, pp. 26-29.
7. Draper N., Smith G. Prikladnoj regressionnyj analiz (Applied regression analysis), Book 1, Moscow, Financi i statistika, 1987, C. 1, 350 p
8. Kuznetsov E.S. Avtomobil'nyj transport. Peredovoj proizvodstvennyj opyt i nauchno-tekhnicheskiedostizheniya, re-komenduemye dlya vnedreniya na avtomobil'nom transporte, Informacionnyj sbornik, Moscow, CBNTI, vol.19, 47 p.
9. Kuznetsov E.S., Maksimov V.A. Metody povysheniya nadezhnosti avtobusnyh perevozok sredstvami inzhenerno-tekhnicheskoj sluzhby avtotransportnyh predpriyatij (Methods of improving the reliability of bus services by means of engineering-technical service of the motor transportation enterprises), Moscow, MADI, 1989, 46 p.

Abstract. In this paper, the authors propose the idea of hierarchical motion control system of electric vehicles, which includes two main levels – local-level traffic control one of the electric vehicle and global coordinate joint movements to a variety of electric vehicles for General transport infrastructure, as well as the idea of using "smart" temporary road signs. Provides guidance on building and ensuring the smooth functioning of a control system of an electric vehicle.

Keywords: unmanned electric vehicle control system, "smart" temporary traffic sign, traffic management center.

References

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5. Rusanov A.D., Nekrasov D.K. Novy einformacionnye tekhnologii v avtomatizirovannyh sistemah, 2016, no. 19, pp. 323-329.
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   pp. 120-122.
7. Ivanov A.M., Shadrin S.S. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2013, no 1(32), pp.7 – 13.
8. Ivanov A.M., Shadrin S.S.Karpuhin K.E. Izvestiya Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta MAMI, 2013, vol. 1, no 2 (16), pp. 57-62.
9. O pravilah dorozhnogo dvizheniya. Postanovlenie pravitelstva Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 23.10.1993, № 1090 (red. от 12.07.2017) (About rules of the road. Decree of Russion Federation of 23.10.1993, №1090 (red. от 12.07.2017)), Moscow, 2017.
10. Tekhniche skiesredstva organizacii dorozhnogo dvizheniya. Pravila primeneniya dorozhnyh znakov, razmetki, svetoforov, dorozhnyh ograzhdenij i napravlyayushchih ustrojstv, GOST R 52289-2004 (Technical means of traffic organization. Rules of application of traffic signs, markings, traffic lights, guardrails and delineators, State Standart 52289-2004), Moscow, Standartinform, 2006, 100 p.
11. Nadaraia C.G., Selivanov A.I., Shestakov I.Ya., Fadeev A.A., Babkina L.A. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, no 1 (48), pp. 12-17.

Abstracts. The method envisages the impact on control current of impulses applied to the control solenoid valve of the common rail electrohydraulic injector (CRI) for variation of the injection rate shape. At that, the fuel is supplied via two groups of injection holes. One part of fuel passes through the entry edges of the injection holes of the first group located on the locking cone of the nozzle. The other part of fuel is supplied through the entry holes of the second group of spraying holes located in the sack volume of the injector nozzle. The coefficients of flow μ_с1 and μ_с2 differ considerably and depend on the valve needle position. This enables to adjust the injection quantity by injection holes taking into account operating conditions of the diesel engine and hence – by the combustion chamber zones. The developed mathematical model of the working process of CRI with a corrective nozzle is characterized by the use of mass balance. Simulation of the working process CRI No. 1 with unloaded control valve, carried out on the developed mathematical model, show that the reduction of the diameter of the protrusion from 4 to 2.5 mm significantly reduces the time of closing the drain, and increases the share of fuel consumed for control by 1.77 times. With increasing pressure pac in common rail, the cancer wave process and its effect on the fuel supply increases. Simulation of the working process CRI No. 1 with unbalanced control valve, carried out on the developed mathematical model, show that the reduction of the diameter of the protrusion from 4 to 2.5 mm significantly reduces the time of closing the drain, and increases the share of fuel consumed for control by 1.77 times. With increasing pressure pac in common rail, wave process and its effect on the fuel supply increases. Simulation of working process of CRI No. 2 with balanced pressure valve and an integrated fuel accumulator was carried out to estimate the influence of time interval between control impulses of double injection on the value of the injection quantity of the second portion at pressures 200…300 MPa. When the pressure pac grows, the oscillation phenomenon and its impact on the working process increase. When operating on diesel fuel at pressure pac=200 MPa, the spread in injection rates of the second portion is Q₂ = 2.36…4.62 mg, and at p_ac=300 MPa – Q₂ = 1.58…6.63 mg.

Keywords: common rail fuel system, electrohydraulic injector, injection rate, control impulse, corrective nozzle, hydrodynamic calculation, mass balance equations, flow coefficient, diesel engine.

References

1. Shatrov M.G., Golubkov L.N., Dunin A.U., Yakovenko A.L., Dushkin P.V. Influence of high injection pressure on fuel injection performances and diesel engine working process, Thermal Science, 2015, vol. 19, issue 60, pp. 2245-2253.
2. Shatrov M.G., Golubkov L.N., Dunin A.U., Yakovenko A.L., Dushkin P.V. Research of the impact of injection pressure 2000 bar and more on diesel engine parameters, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2015, vol. 10, issue 20, pp. 41098-41102.
3. Dunin A.Y., Dushkin P.V. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. N.EH. Baumana. Seriya: Mashino-stroenie, 2016, no 1, pp. 80-88.
4. Shatrov M.G., Golubkov L.N., Dunin A.Y., Dushkin P.V. Jurnal avtomobil’niekh injinerov, 2016, no 2 (97), pp. 16-18.
5. Dunin A.Y., Golubkov L.N., Mal’chuk V.I., Dushkin P.V., Ivanov I.E. Traktori i sel’khozmashini, 2017, no 10, pp. 13-19.
6. Dunin A.Y., Gorbachevskiy E.V., Dushkin P.V., Golubkov L.N. Transport na al’ternativnom toplive, 2017, no 4 (58), pp. 48-58.
7. Dunin A.Y., Dushkin P.V., Gorbachevskiy E.V., Golubkov L.N., Alekseev I.V. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2016, no 4 (47), pp. 17-26.
8. Shatrov M.G., Malchuk V.I., Dunin A.U., Yakovenko A.L. The influence of location of input edges of injection holes on hydraulic characteristics of injector the diesel fuel system, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2016, vol. 11, issue 20, pp. 10267-10273.
9. Mal'chuk V.I. Toplivopodacha i zonal'noe smeseobrazovanie v dizeliakh (Fuel injection and zonal mixture formation), Moscow, MADI, 2009, 176 p.
10. Shatrov M.G., Golubkov L.N., Dunin A.U., Yakovenko A.L., Dushkin P.V.  The new generation of common rail fuel injection system for Russian locomotive diesel engines, Pollution Research, 2017, vol. 36 (3), pp. 673-679.
11. Shatrov M.G., Golubkov L.N., Dunin A.U., Yakovenko A.L., Dushkin P.V. A method of control of injection rate shape by acting upon electromagnetic control valve of common rail injector, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 2017, vol. 8, issue 11, pp. 676-690.
12. Kuleshov A.V. Razvitie metodov raschiota i optimizatsii rabochikh processov DVS (The development of methods of calculation and optimization for internal combustion engines working processes), Moscow, MVTU, 2011, 215 p.
13. Golubkov L.N., Dushkin P.V. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2015, no 3 (42), pp. 11-18.
14. Mal’chuk V.I., Skorodelov S.D. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2013, no 4, pp. 31-37.
15. Shatrov M.G., Golubkov L.N., Dunin A.U., Yakovenko A.L., Dushkin P.V. Experimental research of hydrodynamic effects in common rail fuel system in case of multiple injection, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2016, vol. 11, issue 10, pp. 6949-6953.
16. Shatrov M.G., Sinyavski V.V., Dunin A.Yu., Shishlov I.G., Vakulenko A.V. Method of conversion of high- and middle-speed diesel engines into gas diesel engines, Facta universitatis. Series: Mechanical Engineering, 2017, vol. 15, issue 3, pp. 383-395.
17. Sinyavski V.V., Alekseev I.V., Ivanov I.Ye., Bogdanov S.N., Trofimenko Yu.V. Physical Simulation of High- and Medium-Speed Engines Powered by Natural Gas, Pollution Research, 2017, vol. 36 (3), pp. 684-690.

Abstract. The article shows a calculation and graphical method for estimating the gasoline engine economy, as well as the economy and toxicity of diesel engine when adjusting their working volume (cylinder shutdown). The least expensive way of the indexes efficiency estimation based on universal characteristics is offered. These indexes include fuel economy and engine ecology with cylinder shutdown, in contrast to the full-size engine. The method is based on the analysis of the experimental universal characteristics of engines, reconstructed into ordinates of specific works. The article proposes for consideration a calculation-experimental method, which allows calculating the percentage gain in hourly and specific fuel consumption and harmful emissions of both the petrol and diesel engines quickly and with sufficient accuracy. The multi-parameter characteristics of the Audi (spark ignition engine) and Volkswagen (diesel) engines are used as examples. Also it is possible to give recommendations on the number of active cylinders at different rotational speeds, and, accordingly, to set the algorithm for disconnecting the cylinders according to the calculation method. This technique can also be successfully used for various toxicity indicators (NOx, CO, etc.), as in the case of other indicators considered in the article.

Keywords: cylinder deactivation, economy, diesel, spark ignition engine, low loads.

References

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2. Patrahal'cev N.N., Petrunya I.A., Kamyshnikov R.O., Savastenko E.A. Avtomobil'naya promyshlennost', 2014, no. 6, pp. 10–12.
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5. Kurmanov V.V., Olisevich O.V., Skorodelov S.D. Avtomobil'naya promyshlennost', 2007, no. № 10, pp. 36–40.
6. Dunin A.U., Dushkin P.V. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. N.EH. Baumana. Seriya: Mashinostroenie, 2016, no. 1 (106), pp. 80–88.
7. Mal'chuk V.I., Shatrov M.G., Dunin A.U. Traktory i sel'skohozyajstvennye mashiny, 2007, no. 4,
   pp. 34–37.
8. Dunin A.U. Sovershenstvovanie sistemy sovmestnoj podachi dvuh topliv v kameru sgoraniya dizelya cherez odnu forsunku (Improving the system of joint supply of the two fuels into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine via a single injector); Ph.Doctors thesis, Moscow, MADI, 2006, 196 p.
9. Shatrov M.G., Golubkov L.N., Dunin A.U., Dushkin P.V. Zhurnal avtomobil'nyh inzhenerov, 2016, no. 2, pp. 15–17.
10. Shatrov M.G., Alekseev I.V., Morozov K.A., Gorshkov U.V., Prishvin S.A., Sinyavskij V.V., Dunin A.U., Yakovenko A.L., Skorodelov S.D. Dvigateli avtotraktornoj tekhniki (The engines of automotive vehicles), Moscow, KNORUS, 2016, 400 p.
11. Mal'chuk V.I., Skorodelov S.D. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2013, no. 4, pp. 31–37.
12. Savastenko E.A. Izvestiya Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: nazemnye transportnye sistemy, 2015, no. 5 (165), pp. 55-57.

Abstract. The technique and results of calculation of fluctuations of the internal combustion engine on elastic support taking into account variability of its inertial characteristics of the parts caused by movement inside the body is given in article. The technique is based on use of the equations of Lagrange of the second sort. The order of receiving system of the equations of Lagrange of the second sort for four the cylinder inline engine is given as an example. Parts of the engine are represented by rigid bodies with the distributed weight. Engine supports are modelled by elastic elements with the set rigidity and elements of damping. The engine on the suspender has six degree of freedom and its situation can be set by six independent variables at any moment. Thus, the system of the equations of Lagrange of the second sort, consists of six equations. Rotating speed of the crankshaft isn't freely set parameter and can have any, in advance set, dependence on angular position of the crankshaft, for example a constant. Enter the equations the kinetic energy defined for each part (pistons, connecting rods, the crankshaft, the cylinder block) and the potential energy which is strain energy of elastic elements of an engine mount. The received system of the equations decides by Runge-Kutta method in number. In the absence of external forces, fluctuations of the engine on the suspender are caused by change of moment of inertia of all engine, as a result of movement of parts of a crank gear. These fluctuations are imposed on the fluctuations caused by other reasons. Comparative rated amplitude-frequency engine performances on the suspender received taking into account change of moment of inertia of the engine and without such changes are provided.

Keywords: fluctuations, amplitude-frequency characteristic, moment of inertia, crank gear, engine mount, Lagrange's equations.

References 

1. Safronov P.V. Modelirovanie kolebanij dvigatelja na podveske na rezhimah s vysokoj ciklovoj nestabil'nost'ju (Modeling of fluctuations of the engine on a suspension bracket on the modes with high cyclic instability) Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, MADI, 1999, 158 p.
2. Biderman V.L. Prikladnaya teoriya mekhanicheskikh kolebanij (Applied theory of mechanical vibrations), Moscow, Lenand, 2017, 416 p.
3. Korn G., Korn T. Spravochnik po matematike dlya nauchnykh rabotnikov i inzhenerov (Handbook of mathematics for scientists and engineers), Saint-Petersburg, Lan', 2003, 832 p.
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6. Safronov P.V., Karpov M.A. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2008, no. 3 (14), pp. 26–32.
7. Shatrov M.G., Alekseev I.V., Morozov K.A., Hachijan A.S., Prishvin S.A., Golubkov L.N., Gorshkov Ju.V., Chernjak B.Ja., Sinjavskij V.V. Avtomobil'nye dvigateli (Automobile engines), Moscow, Akademija, 2010, 464 p.
8. Lukanin V.N., Shatrov M.G., Alekseev I.V., Morozov K.A., Hachijan A.S., Prishvin S.A., Golubkov L.N., Gorshkov Ju.V., Chernjak B.Ja., Sinjavskij V.V., Trusov V.I., Kamfer G.M., Mahov V.Z., Nazarov N.I., Matjuhin L.M. Dvigateli vnutrennego sgoranija. Teorija rabochih processov (Internal combustion engines. Theory of working processes), Moscow, Vysshaya shkola, 2010, 479 p.
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10. Solov'ev D.V., Tumasov А.V. Gerasin А.V. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya, 2015, no. 1-1. p. 98.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of the dynamic load (impact) that occurs in various road situations (head-on collision, skidding, overcoming of obstacles), on cast wheels of aluminum-silicon alloys. The technique of the settlement analysis of durability of cast aluminum wheels developed by authors under the influence of shock loadings is stated. The results of experimental studies performed on the test bench are presented. Conditions of carrying out natural and virtual experiments conform to requirements of certified tests of wheels on oblique impact. On the basis of finite element modeling, the calculated values of the stress-strain state at the selected points of the structure upon impact are obtained. When modeling features a design and mechanical properties of the stand were considered. By results of comparison with data of experiments correction of settlement models and their parameters is executed. It is shown that at estimated calculations of the intense deformed condition of wheels on shock loading it is admissible to use results of calculation on static loading taking into account the coefficient of dynamism revealed experimentally. Assessment of dispersion of energy in a wheel at blow is carried out that has allowed to estimate damping in material, the absorbing ability of cast aluminum-silicon alloy at wheel designs. The corresponding equations of dynamics were solved in the program LS-Dyna complex with use of a method of obvious integration.

Keywords: cast wheels, durability, impact, FEA.

References

1. Dem'yanushko I.V. Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2015, no. 1 (3), p. 1.
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8. Demiyanushko I., Loginov E., Mironova V. The Reliability of Assembly Steel Wheels with Using FEM Analysis, Proceedings of the 14th International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science (IFToMM) World Congress, Taipei (Taiwan), 2015, vol. 1, pp. 543-549.
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Abstract. The second decade of the XXI century was marked in the national military engineering and automobile circles by the weakening of skepticism in relation to electronic control systems. It became urgent to introduce them on special purpose vehicles for working in standard conditions, although the requirement that, in the case of an enemy using electromagnetic weapons of mass destruction, all the basic systems affecting the survivability of the vehicle must be mechanical, remains in force. Traditionally, special-purpose road-trains use an air-hydraulic brake drive with a single-wire or two-wire circuit that does not fully meet the modern requirements for vehicle control systems. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of various brake drive schemes for heavy-duty articulated vehicles of special purpose and determined that the most optimal option is an electropneumohydraulic transmission with anti-lock braking system in the pneumatic part. This scheme improves the efficiency and reliability of the brake drive, improves its speed, eliminates asynchronous braking along the axles of the road train, reduces the weight and dimensions of the air-hydraulic cylinder and the drive as a whole, reduces the auto-oscillations of the pipelines, and also allows the implementation of various active safety functions such as anti-lock, traction, stabilization, automatic brake upon the signal from the collision avoidance system or the driver's fatigue control system.

Keywords: pneumatic brakes; reaction time; relay valve; anti-lock braking system; dynamic stability control

References

1. Gladov G.I., Demidov L.V. Ocenochnye pokazateli i raschet manevrennosti polupricepnogo avtopoezda (Estimates and calculation of the maneuverability of a semi-trailer road train), Moscow, MADI, 2016, 124 p.
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16. Kaluhov O.F., Ostrouh A.V., Solncev A.A., Jagudaev G.G. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2010, no. 2, pp. 66-70.
17. Revin A.A., Dygalo V.G., Judina A.A., Dygalo L.V. Jenergo- i resursosberezhenie: promyshlennost' i transport, 2016, no. 4, pp. 7-11.

Abstract. The analysis of existing concrete mixing plants, technology of construction and repair of roads on the basis of cement binder, production technologies for composite materials – has revealed the shortcomings of scientific study in the optimization of operating modes of mobile concrete mixing plants used for manufacturing composite materials with specified properties. Optimization of operating modes, in the final analysis, is aimed at stabilizing the characteristics and properties of finished products from electrically conductive composite materials. They can be used for heating and preventing ice formation (for example: staircases of underground passages, open ramps, road plates, runways, etc.). In this paper, the calculation of the optimal operating mode of a mobile concrete mixing plant for the manufacture of a construction composite with electrically conductive properties is presented. The law of controlling the doses of the components of the electrically conductive composite material is described taking into account the limitation on the permissible error of the dosing of the j component and the criterion for optimizing the dosing process in the mobile concrete mixing plant. The presence of formal descriptions makes it possible to ensure optimal control of operating units and the synthesis of optimal control systems. In the optimization process, a subset of digraphs of a given structure that determines the order of dosing is taken into account.

Keywords: mobile concrete mixing plant, optimization, operating modes, dispersion, electrically conductive composite material.

References

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4. Zaripova I.I., Zorin V.A. Gruzovik, 2017, no. 11, pp. 32-34.
5. Zaripova I.I., Ilyukhin A.V. Novyye materialy i tekhnologii v mashinostroyenii, 2017, no. 25, pp. 104-107.
6. Zorin V.A., Zaripova I.I. Mekhanizatsiya stroitel'stva, 2017, vol. 78, no. 10, pp. 28-31.
7. Ilyukhin A.V., Kolbasin A.M., Abdulkhanova M.YU., Din' A.N. Avtomatizatsiya i upravleniye v tekhnicheskikh sistemakh, 2014, no. 1, p. 149.
8. Ilyukhin A.V., Marsov V.I., Marsova Ye.V., Buy K.T. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, no. 3 (50), pp. 119-126.
9. Mandrovskiy K.P. Molodoy uchenyy, 2013, no. 11, pp. 139-142.
10. Marsov V.I., Suetina T.A., Kolbasin A.M., Shukhin V.V. Mekhanizatsiya stroitel'stva, 2013, no. 2 (824), pp. 32-34.
11. Marsov V.I., Kolbasin A.M., Shukhin V.V., Gilyarovskiy T.V. Mekhanizatsiya stroitel'stva, 2013, no. 7 (829), pp. 54-56.
12. Nikolayev A.B., Pashayev M.YA., Smirnov S.YU., Atayeva S.K. V mire nauchnykh otkrytiy, 2015, no. 6 (66), pp. 9-18.
13. Ouen G. Teoriya igr (Game theory), Moscow, Vuzovskaya kniga, 2008, 216 p.
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Abstract. This paper presents a self-tuning extreme control system method development for tillage equipment that allows minimizing magnetostrictive working element energy consumption and improving soil loosening equipment performance when the magnetostrictive element is working on its resonance frequency. When tilling heavy soils, external forces disturb a working element resonant mode. To restore system into a resonant mode a manual or automatic control can be used. Although both manual and automatic controls are ineffective when soil properties randomly change. Proposed self-tuning extreme control system doesn’t receive data on working element current state but ensures that tilling equipment capacity consumption is minimal while magnetostrictive working element operates in a resonant mode during soil properties changes and in accordance with extreme characteristic. An extremum search algorithm takes into account specific features of a given technological process that is subjected to to automation. Stepped search algorithms and extremum storing methods are the most suitable for the proposed self-tuning system control systems for soil vibro loosening machines.

Keywords: magnetostriction, heavy soil, vibration control, oscillatory tillage, self-tuning system; extreme adjustment.

References

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4. Grishin A.A. Tehnologija kolesnyh i gusenichnyh mashin, 2012, no. 2 (2), pp. 40–43.
5. Iliukhin A.V., Marsov V.I., Dzhabrailov Kh.A., Chantieva M. E. Vestnik evrazijskoj nauki, 2018, vol. 10, no. 2. 
6. Iliukhin A.V., Marsova E.V., Dzhabrailov Kh.A., Chantieva M. E. Transportnye sooruzheniya, 2018, vol. 5, no. 2.
7. Serdobov V.D., Nazarov D.I. Arhitektura i stroitel'stvo: monografij (Architecture and construction), Krasnoyarsk, Nauchno-innovacionnyj centr, 2011, 74 p.
8. Serdobov V.D., Rastegaev I.K. Primenenie prirodosberegajushhih tehnologij v uslovijah holodnyh regionov, Sbornik statei, Yakutsk, JaNC SO RAN, 2010, p. 159
9. Serdobov V.D., Rastegaev I.K. Problemy sovershenstvovanija konstrukcii stroitel'nyh, dorozhnyh, kommunal'nyh i ajerodromnyh mashin, Tezisy dokladov, Moscow, MADI, 2011, pp. 84–87.
10. Serdobov V.D., Rastegaev I.K., Morozov R.V. Materialy IX Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma po problemam inzhenernogo merzlotovedenija, Sbornik statei, Novosibirsk, Akademicheskoe izdatel'stvo «Geo», 2011, pp. 300–305.
11. Serdobov V.D., Rastegaev I.K. Problemy sovershenstvovanija konstrukcii stroitel'nyh, dorozhnyh, kommunal'nyh i ajerodromnyh mashin, Sbornik statei, Moscow, MADI, 2013, pp. 72–79.
12. Abdulhanova M.Ju., Gematudinov R.A., Chantieva M.Je. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2010, no. 3, pp. 103–108.
13. Sharapova I.K., Guliy V.V. Gruzovik, 2014, no. 4, pp. 36–40.

Abstract. The main an article subject is to examine changes in organization and technology of small roads maintenance, which is a consequence of Russian economic system reparation. It was given a definition what is local (or rural) roads and was executed an analysis of road standards, which were in USSR. We knew that in USSR were no local road as special group in road classification. It was studied a fixing of rural roads and offered the new road classification in dependent on of function of work. The dates about transport mobility of rural population in Russia were given in diagram form. Then two systems of local roads were worked out – radial and net. It were enumerated all rural road peculiarities – technical, economic, organize, which are important for road maintenance and repairs. It was seen that we have no technical standards for local roads. In this article was offered new methods to organize a system of rural roads, new classification special for small roads, new system of small road maintenance organization. It is given the description of several works of summer and winter small road maintenance. The article is in agreement with World Road Assosiation (PIARC) and World Bank.

Keywords: local roads, organization of the maintenance and repair system, technology, winter maintenance, summer maintenance.

References

1. Fedotov G.A., Pospelov P.I. Izyskaniya i proektirovanie avtomobil'nyh dorog (Survey and design of highways), Moscow, Vysshaya shkola, 2009, 646 р.
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4. Nemchinov M.V., Rajgorodskaya V.S. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2015, no. 2 (41), рр. 55-61.
5. Nemchinov M.V., Rajgorodskaya V.S. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2015, no. 3 (42), рр. 82-101.
6. Nemchinov M.V. Dorozhnaya Derzhava, 2013, no. 48, рр. 20-25.
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9. Slavuckij A.K., Nosov V.P. Sel'skohozyajstvennye dorogi i ploshchadki (Agricultural roads and sites), Moscow, Agropromizdat, 1986, 447 р.
10. Shumejko A.N., Yurkovskij I.M., Nemchinov M.V., Nemchinov D.M. Avtomobil'nye dorogi, 2008, no.7, рр. 31-34.
11. Shumejko A.N., Yurkovskij I.M., Nemchinov M.V., Korolev M.P., Pospelov P.I., Nemchinov D.M. Vtoroj Vserossijskij Dorozhnyj Kongress, Sbornik nauchnyh trudov, Moscow, MADI, 2010, рр. 13-30.
12. Evgen'ev G.I. Dorogi Rossii ХХI veka, 2013, no.4 (74), рр. 76-79.
13. Samodurova T.V. Meteorologicheskoe obespechenie zimnego soderzhaniya avtomobil'nyh dorog (Meteorological support of winter maintenance of highways), Moscow, Informacionno- izdatel’skii centr TIMR, 2003, 183 р.
14. Nemchinov M.V. Transportnoe stroitel'stvo, 2015, no.11, рр. 2-4.
15. Nemchinov M.V., Ivanova A.G. Snezhnye zanosy na avtomobil'nyh dorogah i bor'ba s nimi v sovremennyh usloviyah (Snow drifts on the roads and the fight against them in modern conditions), Moscow, Izdftel’stvo ASV, 2018, 162 р.
16. Robinson R., Daniehl'son U., Snejt M. Upravlenie remontom i soderzhaniem avtomobil'nyh dorog. Koncepcii i sistemy (Management of repair and maintenance of highways. Concepts and systems), Moscow, Informavtodor, 2003, 383 р.

Abstract. To study the fatigue life of asphalt concrete most commonly used laboratory setup 4-point bending of beams of rectangular cross section which are placed in a climatic chamber to the greatest extent correspond to the operating conditions of the asphalt concrete in the structures of real road surfaces, and therefore allow to evaluate the fatigue durability of various asphalt mixtures in the composition of the road surface. Testing of asphalt mixes for fatigue life requires expensive equipment and considerable time, therefore, replacing at least some of these tests with virtual tests using finite element models is an urgent task. To analyze the impact of the application frequency of fatigue load on the durability of asphalt concrete samples, a finite element model of the experimental setup created with the Marc® and Mentat® package was used. It is show, that by results of experimental researches and calculations by means of finite-element model of tests on the 4-point bend, possible to judge influence of speeds of the movement of the heavy vehicle on durability of an asphalt concrete pavement.

Keywords: asphalt concrete, 4-point bending, fatigue life, finite element method, methods of fracture mechanics.

References

1. Otraslevoj dorozhnyj metodicheskij dokument. Metodicheskie rekomenda-cii po opredeleniyu ustalostnoj dolgovechnosti asfal'tobetonnyh pokrytij, ODM 218.3.018-2011 (Branch road methodical document. Methodical recommendations for determining the fatigue life of asphalt concrete pavements, Branch road methodical document 218.3.018-2011), Moscow, ROSAVTODOR, 2012, 14 p.
2. Li N., Molenaar A.A.A., Pronk A.C., Wu S. Investigation into the size effect on four-point bending fatigue tests, available at: http://www.civil.uminho.pt/4pb/conference3/Li_Pronk_Molenaar_Ven_Wu.pdf
3. Wu R., Tsai B.W., Harvey J., Ullidtz P., Basheer I., Holland J. Using four-point bending tests in calibration of the California mechanistic-empirical pavement design system, available at: http://www.civil.uminho.pt/4pb/conference2/Paper05.pdf
4. Mbaraga A.N., Jenkins K.J., Van den Heever J. Laboratory evaluation of fatigue and flexural stiffness of warm mix asphalt, available at: http://www.civil.uminho.pt/4pb/conference3/Mbaraga_Jenkins_Heever.pdf
5. Demiyanushko, I. V. Stain, V. M., Stain A.V. Transportnoe stroitel'stvo, 2013, no. 8, pp. 14-17.
6. Demiyanushko I.V., Nosov V.P., Stain V.M., Stain A.V. Transportnoe stroitel'stvo, 2012,-no. 4, pp. 7-11.
7. Stain V.M., Voronina O.I. Inzhenernye tekh-nologii MSC Software dlya vysshih uchebnyh za-vedenij (MSC-VUZ-2017), Sbornik statei, Moscow, MIIT, 2017, pp. 29-31.
8. Hartman A. M., Gilchrist M. D. ZHurnal materialov v grazhdanskom stroitel'stve, 2004, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 17-25.
9. Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information, https://simcompanion.mscsoftware.com/infocenter/index?page=content&id=DOC11497&cat=MARC_DOCUMENTATION&actp=LIST
10. Mollenhauer K, Wistuba M, Rabe R. Loading Frequency and Fatigue: In situ conditions & Impact on Test Results, 2nd Workshop on four point bending, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal, 2009, pp. 261-276.

Abstract. The system of complex monitoring of the main parameters of construction machines and asphalt – concrete mixture during its transportation and laying in the roadway is considered. The implementation of this direction is carried out with the help of the GLONASS satellite system, which in real time mode allows you to capture the required parameters. Then these  parameters are transferred to the server of the Central computer and to local control networks of aggregates of asphalt-concrete plant. The latter, taking into account the current situation and the process of packing and compacting the mixture corrects the made of operation of the plant equipment and ensures the production of an asphalt-concrete mixture of the required quality. Complex monitoring of parameters of road machines and asphalt-concrete mixture using the GLONASS system provides an increase in the productivity of the work performed, can reduce the influence of the human factor on the quality of the finished road surface, provides remote monitoring of main parameters of not only the technical means but also laying material, provides during non standard situation adjustment of system parameters PLANT--ROAD MACHINE--ASPHALT-concrete.

Keywords: monitoring, GLONASS, construction machines, asphalt – concrete, quality.

References

1. Dotsenko A.I. Stroitelnye materiali, oborudovanie, technologii XXI veka, 2005, no. 3, pp. 53–56.
2. Dotsenko A.I. Transportnoe stroitelstvo, 2005, no. 10, pp. 13–15.
3. Dotsenko A.I. Avtomobilnii dorogi, 2005, no. 3, pp. 28–30.
4. Vorobiev V.A., Suvorov D.N., Kotliyrskii E.V., Dotsenko A.I. Compitornoe modelirovanie v avtomatizacii proizvodstva asfaltobetonnoi smesi. Ch. 2, (Computer modeling in the automation of asphalt concrete production). Moscow, MADI, 2009, 731 p.
5. Dotsenko A.I., Rudenskij A.V. Mechanizatia stroitelstva, 2011, no. 6, pp. 17–20.
6. Dotsenko A.I., Sokolov A.A. Mechanizatia stroitelstva, 2012, no. 7, pp. 14–19.
7. Dotsenko A.I., Sokolov A.A.  Mechanizatia stroitelstva, 2014, no. 7, pp. 49–54.

Abstract. The number of road accidents on the roads of our country, despite some downward trends, remains consistently high.  Analysis of the causes of accidents shows that road conditions are often the direct or indirect causes. Therefore, the solution of the problems of improving road safety on the roads of our country is closely connected with the study of the modes of movement of both single vehicles and traffic flows. The article deals with both traditional and modern methods of studying the characteristics of the movement of cars and traffic flows, as well as the proposed method of studying such modes of movement with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The article considers the method of choice of UAV flight modes during the research and gives practical recommendations on the choice of their flight modes. The methods of choice of characteristics and flight modes of UAVs considered in the article can be used in carrying out scientific researches of a wide range of characteristics of the movement of both a single car and a traffic flow on the roads of our country.

Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle, traffic flow, vehicle mode, road conditions, traffic safety, measurement method.

References

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Abstract. Underground structures in large cities play an important role in solving transport problems. For the construction of underground structures, various methods are used, among which a special place is tunnel jacking. The article provides a brief overview of the current experience of tunnel construction using the method of jacking, introduces advantages and disadvantages of the method, analyzes the main stages of the technological construction process, describes the technology of construction at the stages and some features of the application of this technology in specific geo-technical conditions. The article considers opportunities of applying the jacking technology in the construction of traffic tunnels and urban tunnels in cramped conditions, and also when overcoming artificial or natural obstacles. Some examples of the application of this technology for the construction of road, railway and pedestrian tunnels as well as metro tunnels in cities and on the highway route in Russia and in other countries of the world are presented. At the same time, it is shown that research is needed to justify rational structural and technological solutions as well as consider possibilities of using such technology in the construction of traffic tunnels and urban tunnels in Vietnam.

Keywords: jacking method, tunnels, deformation of the ground mass, technology of construction.

References

1. Makovsky L.V. Gorodskie podzemnye transportnye sooruzheniya (Urban underground transportation facilities), Moscow, Strojizdat, 1985, 440 p.
2. Makovsky L.V., Shchekudov E.V., Petrova E.N. Stroitel'stvo avtodorozhnyh i gorodskih tonnele (Construction of road and city tunnels), Moscow, Rior, 2014, 396 p.
3. Garber V.A. Tonneli i metropoliteny. Nauka, proektirovanie, stroitel'stvo, ehkspluataciya (Tunnels and subways. Science, design, construction, operation), Moscow, EHkon-Inform, 2008, 168 p.
4. Mosolov G.V. Metodika opredeleniya usiliya lobovogo sprotivleniya pri sooruzhenii tonnelej sposobom prodavlivaniya (Method for determining the drag force in the construction of tunnels by the method of extrusion), Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, 2013, 128 p.
5. Eric L., Barry N. Settlements induced by tunneling in soft ground, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2007, no. 22, pp. 119-149.
6. Allenby D., Ropkins J.W.T. Jacked box tunnelling: Using the Ropkins System TM, a non-intrusive tunnelling technique for constructing new underbridges beneath existing traffic arteries, London, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 2007, 24 p.
7. Hung C.J., Monsees J., Munfah N., Wisniewski J. Technical manual for design and construction of road tunnels—civil elements, Washington, U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. 2009,  704 p.
8. Mamaqani B., Najafi M. Settlement Analysis of Box Jacking Projects, ASCE Pipeline, USA, Portland, 2015, 196 p.
9. Phillips, N. S. Disaggregation of soil during slurry pipe jacking, PhD Thesis, City University London, England, 2016, 193 p.
10. Mamaqani B. Numerical modeling of ground movements associated with trenchless box jacking technique, PhD Thesis, Texas, USA, University of Texas, 2014, 221 p.

Abstract. The article presents the features of vehicle traffic on highways. The criteria that contribute to the increased destruction and deterioration of pavement on high-speed roads are indicated. The main defects of the pavement on roads are listed, their influence on the transport and operational quality of highways is examined. The technique allowing to provide required strength and durability of a design at a stage of calculation and designing of pavements is resulted. The main parameters and their values affecting the service life and life of the construction are presented. Recommended positions that should be reviewed when improving the regulatory framework. A forecast is given about the possibility of changing the regulatory base in the long-term period with the aim of increasing the service life of roadbed and pavement.

Keywords: asphalt concrete, cement concrete, pavement, service life, durability, load, strength.

References

1. Osnovnye prichiny i faktory okazyvayushchie vliyanie na razrushenie pokrytij, http://www.unidorstroy.kiev.ua/articles-asphalting/factors-destruction-asphalt.html
2. Fedotov G.A., Pospelov P.I. Spravochnaya ehnciklopediya dorozhnika. Proektirovanie avtomobil'nyh dorog (A reference encyclopedia of a road worker. Volume 5. Design of highways), Moscow, Informavtodor, 2007, 815 p.
3. Avtomobilnie dorogi SP 34.13330.2012 (Car roads. Set of rules 34.13330.2012), Moscow, Minregion Rossii, 2012, 105 p.
4. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po proektirovaniyu zhyostkih dorozhnyh odezhd (Methodical recommendations for the design of rigid road clothes), Moscow, Informavtodor, 2004, 116 p.
5. Dorogi avtomobil'nye obshchego pol'zovaniya. Normativnye nagruzki, raschetnye skhemy nagruzheniya. GOST 32960-2014 (Roads of public use. Normative loads, design loading schemes, State Standat 32960-2014), Moscow, Standartinform, 2015.
6. Ayers M., Haislip S., Waalkers S. Roads and Bridges, 2004, 306 p.
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10. Gohman L. M. Avtomobil'nye dorogi, 2015, no.5, pp. 76-79.
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AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORTATION

Abstract. The article considers possibilities of application of transport telematics with the aim of identifying dangerous for the truck bumps in the road. A very important criterion affecting the quality of transportation is the quality of roads, the condition of which must be promptly kept under control, but in view of the large area of the EAEU territory with a total length of roads equal to 1.6 million km operational control of the quality of the roadway becomes difficult, so it is necessary to look for means to quickly detect defects in roads and transmit messages to the information center. These tools include transport telematics. Transport telematics is a complex of hardware, software, technological, scientific and other solutions in the field of information technologies, allowing to achieve optimal indicators of transport work. Hitting the pothole is dangerous and can cause damage not only to the car, but also the cargo. Potholes can appear on any road in a short period of time, in this regard, it is very important to have tools for rapid detection of defects to eliminate the dangers on the route of vehicles, which ultimately affects the quality of transportation. To confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of using means of transport telematics in order to identify potholes, an experiment was conducted in which the vehicle passed through an obstacle whose height was 5-7 cm, and the navigation and communication unit (subscriber terminal) recorded and transmitted online information about the overloads arising during the experiment.

Keywords: telematics, transportation, roads, potholes, diagnostics.

References

1. Zaikin R.N. Vestnik transporta, 2017, no. 8, pp. 38-40.
2. Zaikin R.N., Savchenko-Belsky K.A., Parent E.V., Filatov S.A. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, no. 2 (49), pp. 109-114.
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4. Efimenko D.B., Vasilenko R.V., Filatov S.A., Zaikin R.N. Avtotransportnoe predpriyatie, 2015, no. 10, pp. 5-9.
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Abstract. The article deals with the aspects of the application of automated control systems for the operation of trucks. Forms of introduction and application of automated monitoring systems for freight transport in the public and private sectors are shown. It is noted that such activities should be defined in the structure of intellectualization of systems. Various aspects of solving problems related to remote control are considered. It is determined that the systems make possible the synergistic effect of the operation of the GAT. Possible ways of further development are presented. The article analyzes possible options for reducing the number of costs associated with unplanned downtime during the transportation process. Issues of the existing legislation in the field of development and distribution of the use of automated control systems for freight transport are considered. In particular, attention is paid to the status of works on the development of state standards, which allow to ensure the optimal implementation of automated systems for monitoring the operation of freight transport. The description of approaches to creation of the mechanism of modeling of work of a transport complex is resulted. A comparative analysis of the automated control systems of freight transport in the Russian Federation and world experience of implementation is also carried out. The ways of realization of the main task of state regulation and control in the sphere of freight transport are considered.

Keywords: automated systems, control, cargo transport, intellectual transport systems, ASCCT, logistics systems.

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Abstract. For a long time, professional public discussions have been held on the need to make appropriate changes to the Russian freight forwarding legislation. The bill proposed by the transport community "On introducing amendments and additions to the Federal Law" On Transport and Forwarding Activity" based on the results of the last public discussion was not sufficiently approved for inclusion in the State Duma of the Russian Federation. Consequently, the issue of finalizing the bill remains open, and discussions and proposals for improving legislative regulation in the field of Freight forwarding activities, including those relating to the freight forwarder's liability, are relevant. Еaking into consideration the above, the provisions of the transport and expeditionary legislation regulating the issues of the freight forwarder's responsibility in the organization and delivery of cargo are comprehensively analyzed in this article, the reasons and dimensions of the freight forwarder's responsibility are compared in comparison, the freight forwarder and carriers of various modes of transport are found to be unequal legal position regarding the amount of liability for the same reasons for liability for the delivery of goods. Based on the study results, the authors conclude that it is necessary to clarify certain provisions of the articles of the federal law on transport and forwarding activities in the part of the freight forwarder's responsibility.

Keywords: Transport and Forwarding Activity, freight forwarding service, transport-forwarding enterprise, transport-forwarding service, freight forwarder.

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