«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 3(58), September 2019

Abstract.

Trends in the development of modern automotive industry are aimed at increasing the overall energy efficiency of vehicles and reducing energy losses. One of the ways to achieve these goals can be the use of deformation energy recovery devices in the suspension. This system can consist of a set of shock absorbers with recuperative effect by synchronous generator and power converters. The article describes the research tests of shock absorbers with the effect of recuperation in the electric vehicle. During the tests, the electric vehicle was driven with fixed speeds on asphalt and dirt roads and the parameters were fixed with the help of a measuring complex: the values of the displacement and the speed of the shock absorber rod, currents and voltages generated by the shock absorber and at the output of the converters. The quantitative assessment of the average recovered power shows that when the vehicle is moving along the asphalt concrete road at low speeds, it is small and comparable to the power that will consume the electronics of the control system and the charge device for its own needs. The movement on the rough road, even at relatively low speeds, gives the average recoverable power of several hundred watts, and the peak – up to several kilowatts, i.e. makes recovery possible and promising for wheeled vehicles used in agriculture so they mainly move on dirt roads of medium and poor quality or arable land. The article presents an approximate assessment of the economic effect obtained in the creation of new systems of suspension with the effect of recovery.

Keywords:

 regenerative shock absorber, permanent magnet synchronous machine, charging, efficiency, tests, regenerative power.

References

1. Kireev A.V., Kozhemyaka N.M., Burdugov A.S., Klimov A.V. Test Bench Trials of the Electromagnetic Regenerative Shock Absorber, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2017, vol. 12, no. 17, pp. 6354-6359.
2. Klimov A.V., Karelina M.Yu. Trudy NAMI, 2017, no. 3 (270), pp. 7481.
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4. Li Z., Zuo L., Kuang J., Luhrs G. Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorber with a Mechanical Motion Rectifier, Smart Materials and Structures, 2012, vol. 22, no. 2, paper No. 025008.
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Abstract.

We consider the problem of road traffic analysis using the short-range radio communication equipment, also known as DSRC. A concept and technology is proposed for detecting certain elements of dangerous driving, such as frequent lane switching, changing of drive direction and speed. The main purpose is to inform drivers about the approach of dangerously maneuvering cars. In addition, the proposed solution can be used in perspective to automate the detection of traffic violations of this kind. The article contains a mathematical model for solving the problem, a description of a simulation experiment and evaluated results. The input data for the model is the telemetric information transmitted by DSRC, like driving parameters of vehicles. The model uses methods of statistical analysis to detect vehicles whose maneuvers deviate significantly from the regular ones. The analysis is performed independently by each vehicle within its local neighborhood which determined by the range of its radio transmitter. The model was tested using the SUMO traffic simulator. We have performed simulation of the movement of a certain number of cars with aggressive driving style among ordinary cars. Various parameters of the model were analyzed and estimated probability of positive detections 70% with 5% false detection errors.

Keywords: DSRC, dangerous driving, aggressive driving style, accident warning, SUMO traffic simulator.

Abstract. 

Autonomous driving technology development is concentrated on combination of autonomous (by onboard hardware) and external (by the use of GLONASS and intelligent transportation systems) control of vehicle movement. However, driving and technical maintenance functions are also required. They include the function of access restricting to road traffic depending on vehicle technical condition and road infrastructure. The article supports the idea of increasing the number of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) for both traditional vehicles and as a tool to implement autonomous driving. As a priority to private vehicles it is recommended to use ADAS solutions related to limitation of operating a vehicle based on automatic control of the most important performance properties (fuel efficiency, power and deceleration characteristics of a vehicle), traffic infrastructure. Technical maintenance functions will be a useful feature that will compensate variability of vehicle performance properties. As of autonomous vehicles, these functions will become a compulsory part of their control systems. Implementation of proposed functions by means of a vehicle onboard local area network will enhance capabilities of adaptive cruise control and will not affect its cost notably.

Keywords: wheeled vehicles, rates, fuel consumption, acceleration, monitoring, technical condition, characteristics.

References

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Abstract. The number of vehicles in the world is constantly growing, which has a negative impact on the environment; the situation is especially critical in large metropolitan areas. Scientists see a solution to the environmental problem in restricting traffic in the centers of the metropolis, introducing more stringent requirements for cars with internal combustion engines, as well as expanding the use of electric vehicles. The article is devoted to the consideration of the prospects and problems of development of electric vehicles. The experience of the development of electromobiles in the world is analyzed on the example of the People’s Republic of China, in which the state actively supports the development of vehicles operating on hybrid and electric power plants. The statistics of the increase in production and use of electric vehicles, both in the commercial and in the private sector, is given. The article presents the results of research on the development of electric vehicles in Russia. An assessment of existing problems, which do not allow more dynamically to develop environmentally friendly transport in our country. Some ways of solving some problems have been proposed, in particular, more targeted support of the state in the development and application of electric transport is necessary on the example of the organization of passenger traffic in large megalopolises.

Keywords: electric cars, hybrid power plants, ecology, government incentives.

References

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Аннотация
В статье рассматривается вариант моделирования поведения водителя в системе «водитель – машина», оценивается влияние составляющих системы на управляемость машины и обосновывается необходимость упреждающих действий в связи с задержками в системе.

Ключевые слова:
динамическая модель, система «водитель – машина», психофизиологические характеристики водителя, система автоматического регулирования, моделирование поведения водителя.

Список литературы:

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2. Васильченков, В.Ф. Концептуальные основы развития теории автомобильной техники: дис. … д-ра техн. наук/ В.Ф. Васильченков; РВАИ. – Рязань, 2000. –    403 с.
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Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of possible ways to improve the efficiency of soil compacting percussion machines (tampers). Considered the world and domestic experience of the positive application of these machines. As a result of the analysis, shortcomings have been identified that hinder the development of this type of equipment in Russia. The lack of basic machines for heavy tramping machines is a factor hindering the growth of the use of tamping machines in construction. As a solution to this problem, it was proposed to use a two-mass rammer, which allows to increase the dynamic effect on the soil. With a smaller mass of the tamping tool, the effect of compaction increases, due to the summation of shock voltages and an increase in the residence time of the soil in a stressed state. This tamping design makes it possible to increase the productivity of soil sealing operations by 1.2...1.4 times. The service life of the base machine will also increase, as a result of a reduction in the dynamic loads on the cable-block system and the lifting winch.

Keywords: rammer, deformation, tamping, rheology, efficiency, dynamic compaction.

References

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Abstract.  The article describes the problem of determining the total resistance to milling on the basis of theoretical and experimental calculations. The experimental experience of change of force of resistance to cutting and digging at increase in speed of movement of the working body received by domestic scientists is generalized. The data on the parameters and operating modes obtained as a result of a series of passive experimental studies of the processes of cutting asphalt road cutters. For further analysis, a series of passive experimental studies of asphalt concrete cutting processes by Wirtgen road mills of heavy class W215 and W 210 were carried out. Obtained large sample of data on changes in modes of operation of cutters at a variation of various parameters and operation modes. The homogeneity of the conditions of experiments with milling units of different sizes is established. The regression and correlation analysis of the obtained data is carried out, resulting in a four-factor mathematical model of the dependence of the linear speed of the cutter on the number and diameter of the cutters, the angular speed of rotation of the milling drum and the depth of milling. Based on the calculation of the regression equation parameters and checking the correlation coefficients on the tightness of the relationship, the degree of influence of each studied factor on the milling speed is revealed. The surface of the response of the regression dependence of the linear speed of the cutter on the parameters that have the greatest impact on its change: the number of cutters and the depth of milling is constructed using the obtained mathematical model to illustrate the results of the study

Keywords: road mill, feed rate, cutting element, passive experiment, system of linear equations, regression equation.

References

1. Rukovodstvo po holodnym frezam Wirtgen. Tekhnologiya i primenenie (Wirtgen cold milling guide. Technology and application), Winghagen, Wirtgen Gmbh, 2013, 241 p.
2.  Balovnev V.I., Kustarev G.V., Seliverstov N.D., Ushkov A.V., Danilov R.G. Stroitel'nye i dorozhnye mashiny, 2018, no. 6, pp. 14-17.
3. Tekhniko-ekspluatacionnye harakteristiki mashin firmy Caterpillar (Technical and operational characteristics of Caterpillar machines), Peoria, Illinois, United States, Caterpillar Inc, 2007, 1308 p.
4. Karasyov G.N. Teoriya rezaniya i kopaniya gruntov. Resheniya i problemy (Theory of cutting and digging soils. Solutions and challenges), Moscow, MADI, 2012, 111 p.
5. Seliverstov N.D. Remont. Vosstanovlenie. Modernizaciya, 2018, no. 12, pp. 36-40.
6. Golembo Z.B., Venikov G.V. Tekhnicheskaya kibernetika, Seriya Itogi nauki i tekhniki, 1980, vol. 12, pp. 35-113.
7. Shashkov V.B. Prikladnoj regressionnyj analiz. Mnogofaktornaya regressiya (Applied regression analysis. Multivariate regression), Orenburg, GOU VPO OGU, 2003, 363 p.
8. Hmara L.A., Kolesnik N.P., Stanevskij V.P. Modernizaciya i povyshenie proizvoditel'nosti stroitel'nyh mashin (Modernization and increase of productivity of construction machines), Kiev, Budіvel'nik, 1992, p.153.
9. Seliverstov N.D. Remont. Vosstanovlenie. Modernizaciya, 2018, no. 6, pp. 43-46.
10. Dotsenko A.I. Vestnik MADI, 2018, no. 2 (53), pp. 89-93.
11. Docenko A.I. Stroitel'nye mashiny (Construction machinery), Moscow, Strojizdat, 2003, 415 p.
12. Savelyev S.V., Lashko A.G. Vestnik Sibirskoj gosudarstvennoj avtomobil'no-dorozhnoj akademii, 2012, no. 1 (23), pp. 20-22.

Abstract. Geared linkage and cam-geared-linkage mechanisms are widely used in the equipment process of automatic and semi-automatic actions for converting one-sided rotational movement of the input link into one-sided rotational movement of the output link with periodic stops. To ensure step-by-step rotation with an exact fixed motion dwell, an elastic element with a preliminary preload of two-sided action is integrated into the mechanism. The presence of an elastic element in the design of the mechanism limits the acceleration of the output wheel and protects the mechanism from a hard impact at the time the elastic element recovers its initial length, but at the same time it is the source of oscillations of the output wheel of the mechanism at the moment of the start of movement after the end of the motion dwell. The duration and amplitude of these oscillations, depending on the parameters of the elastic element, friction in kinematic pairs and the angular velocity of the crank, significantly affect the performance of the mechanism, and their assessment is of undoubted interest. To measure the oscillations, a special stand was designed and manufactured, consisting of two mechanisms: a mechanism with an elastic element and a clamp and a mechanism with a rigid connecting rod, arranged in parallel one above the other, having the same dimensions and a common driving crank. The proposed stand allows you to measure both the oscillations of the output wheels and the change in the length of the connecting rod of the mechanism.

Keywords: geared linkage mechanism, motion dwell, step-by-step rotation.

References

1. Harzhevskij V.A. Vestnik Polockogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Seriya V: Promyshlennost. Prikladnye nauka, 2017, no. 4, pp. 29-34.
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9. Timofeev G.A. Teoriya mekhanizmov i mashin (Theory of mechanisms and machints), Moscow, Yurajt, 2017, 430 p.
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Abstract. In the absence of the possibility of complete cleansing coverings of roads and pedestrians spaces from snow and ice, for improvement clutch qualities coverage data it is necessary that the on the surface of the remaining compacted areas of snow-ice formations should be inflicted notches by the shock working bodies of the harvesting machine. In this regard, experimental studies were conducted to determine the location of the notches, at which will ensure the safe movement of vehicles on the leveled surface of not destroyed areas of winter slipperiness. Besides, an empirical dependence has been obtained for estimating the change in the friction coefficient of a model of a car wheel by a slippery surface depending on the inclination angle of the notches. It is also established that with the help of the developed additional equipment of impact action to plow-brush machines, it is possible to significantly increase the coupling qualities of the cleaned roads and pedestrians spaces, regardless of the thickness of the snow-ice formations available on their surface. The proposed recommendations for the location of the notches with the modernized plow-brush machines can be applied to clean the coverings automobile roads and pedestrians spaces of snow-ice formations in all climatic zones of the Russian Federation, as well in countries with a similar climate.

Keywords: winter slipperiness, coefficient of clutch, coefficient of friction, plow-brush harvesting machines, impact action equipment.

References

1. Analiz urovnya zimnego soderzhaniya avtomobil̕ nykh dorog i trotuarov v g. Moskve s 2008 po 2015 god (Analysis of the level of winter content automobile roads and sidewalks in Moscow from 2008 to 2015 year), Moscow, RusInfoService, 2015, 28 p.
2. Ganja V.A. Razrushenie snezhno-ledyanykh obrazovaniy mekhanicheskim sposobom (The destruction of snow-ice formation in a mechanical way), Krasnoyarsk, SBU, 2012, 192 p.
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Abstract. This article is devoted to the problems of effective use of road funds. The authors show the results of the analysis of the formation and use of road funds and the problem of financing road transport infrastructure in Russia, examples of inappropriate and inefficient use of regional and municipal road funds. The importance of the revival of the system of road funds, which is aimed at providing the road industry with financial resources from certain sources to expand the possibilities of construction, repair and reconstruction of roads. The necessity of improving the system of control over the expenditure of funds in the road sector. The article presents the data of the audit of the accounts chamber of the Russian Federation, which showed that in some regions the funds of road funds were directed to other purposes not related to road activities, while there was an overestimation of the cost of road works and their poor performance. As a result of audits by the accounts chamber of the Russian Federation violations in the formation of road funds identified in 53 regions of the Russian Federation. The authors believe that one of the conditions for improving the efficiency of road funds will be the creation of a system of personal responsibility for the targeted and effective use.

Keywords: road transport infrastructure, financing of road activities, road funds, budget allocations of road funds.

References

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Abstract. The article describes the effect of a car on the wear of asphalt concrete pavement. The cross-sectional survey data were analyzed throughout the Moscow Ring Road, in all five lanes. It was found that in the 4th and 5th lanes of passenger transport there is a “wear track”. The main reasons for its occurrence are aerodynamic factors and high traffic intensity. Increased wear causes spiked tires. The article describes the wear under the wheels of a car. Patterns of wear coatings on the lanes of mixed traffic (cars and trucks) are not considered in this article. With the speed of the car about 100...140 km / h, the vertical pressure of the wheel is minimal, the car, and first of all the left (less loaded) wheel, jumps on the smallest unevenness, followed by a blow on the floor. As a result, a moving impact of the moving wheel on the coating, directed in the direction opposite to the movement, takes place. Maximum, often repeated (intensity over 1000 auto / h) shear forces cause the rupture of individual internal bonds in the layer. The consequence of this is the detachment of individual elements from the coating layer and high wear.

Keywords: track, internal forces in the coating layer, external forces, thermal imager, thermogram, power interchange, rate of motion, vehicle density, thermodynamic conditions.

References

1. Rekomendacii po vyjavleniju i ustraneniju kolej na nezhjostkih dorozhnyh odezhdah (Recommended Practice for Detection and Repair of Ruts in Flexible Road Pavements), Moscow, Rosavtodor, 2002, 179 p.
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Abstract. Entrance terminals are an integral part of the highway and main street. When designing these terminals, especially in cramped urban conditions, there is the problem of justification of their geometrical parameters. The most practical significance is the length of the entrance terminals, the purpose of which is made on the basis of data on linear accelerations of cars moving on the entrance terminals. With the aim of development and introduction of modern requirements to the design of entrance terminals in the design practice, the author developed a methodology and produced experimental studies aimed at establishing the values of the accelerations of the acceleration of modern cars on the entrance terminals. Studies were conducted on the roads of our country at the level of service “A”. The studies show significant changes in the dynamics of acceleration of cars compared with the data obtained by domestic authors earlier. The results of the research can be used to justify individual design solutions of roads, including in urban and cramped conditions, as well as can be used to normalize the parameters of the entrance terminals.

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Abstract.  An important aspect of the development of the ground forces of the Russian Federation is to increase the efficiency of crossing-bridge facilities, which consists in improving their tactical and technical characteristics. The experience of modern local wars and military conflicts, an analysis of previous studies indicate that the existing ferry-bridge facilities do not fully meet modern requirements. First of all, work to improve the means of ensuring the crossings should be aimed at increasing the carrying capacity and throughput of the induced crossings, their speed of guidance, increasing the mobility of the crossing-bridge facilities on water and on land. At the same time, a promising technology must have high reliability, production and operational manufacturability, maintainability (including in the field), and also be designed taking into account the possibility of using temporary civilian crossings and in emergency situations. The authors of the article reviewed the existing models of equipment intended for the organization of ferries, identified and analyzed the main shortcomings of existing samples, formulated modern requirements for such equipment and proposed a variant of the technical appearance of the unloading transfer-landing ferry, based on the results of preliminary design and a number of research works.

Keywords: ferry crossings, floating bridges, ferry-bridge machine, transfer-landing ferry.

References

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Abstract. At present, the priority Project "Safe and high-quality roads" is being implemented in the regions. The project is developing and implementing programs for the development of roads and municipal roads, bringing the urban agglomeration road network into a regulatory transport and operational state, and eliminating road network congestion, including by switching passenger traffic to public transport. The article presents the results of research on flow modeling conducted in the Omsk agglomeration in the development of a comprehensive traffic management scheme. A review of the literature on this subject is given, the achievements of foreign science are taken into account. We used the methods of analyzing the existing traffic conditions in the software package PTV Vision VISUM, as well as statistical data on cargo and passenger turnover in the Omsk agglomeration. The results of the simulation were data on the intensity of traffic and passengers on the street-road network of the Omsk agglomeration. This allowed us to develop options for the development of transport infrastructure for the estimated time frame. The practical significance of the study is to use the results to develop a plan of action for organizing traffic and modeling the interaction of transport and passenger flows of the Omsk agglomeration as part of the development of ways for its strategic development. This experience will allow to systematically improve the performance indicators of the transport infrastructure of modern cities.

Keywords: street-road network, traffic intensity, transport and passenger flows, rolling stock, urban passenger transport, modeling.

References

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Abstract. Economic growth and rapid urbanization in Vietnam lead to an increase in travel demand in urban areas, especially in large cities. The demand for spike transportation has become a major problem for the urban transport system. The government of Viet Nam and major city governments are working hard to find the best solution to this problem, in which public transport development is considered one of the most effective solutions. Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh cities have made great leaps in economy and created a preferential policy for transport development, but in fact shows the level of satisfaction of transport demand limited (approximately 14% in Hanoi and 8% in Ho Chi Minh City). There are subjective and objective reasons, including the asynchronous development of urban transport networks, weak infrastructure systems for a public transport. Transport systems actually have not met the needs of the people. In addition, the organization of managing and monitoring the operation of vehicles and drivers on the road is not optimal. These reduce the quality of transport services and the attractiveness of people for public transport. In this context, the question of how to improve the efficiency of public transport to meet the needs of cities for travel and achieve the goals of sustainable socio-economic development in urban areas remains relevant. The article analyzes the role of road passenger transport in the economy of the country. Identified problems associated with the need to improve the quality of passenger traffic in Hanoi. The characteristics of the operation of taxi cars presented in the article show how motor transport enterprises use various types of passenger taxi cars to carry out passenger traffic.

Keywords: transports, passenger transports, the operation of passenger cars, transport infrastructures, taxi.

References

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Abstract. The article deals with the method of forecasting the timing of the beginning and end of ice events on the rivers of the Far North of the Russian Federation. The forecast of the beginning and the end of ice events is used at development of the plan of Northern delivery of freights by river transport, during navigation on the Northern rivers. The method is developed on the basis of Markov chain theory. The results of experimental studies of the developed method based on the use of actual data on the beginning and end of the ice events on the Vitim river (Irkutsk region), collected over the past hundred years. The data obtained from the experiment showed a higher accuracy of the prediction of the timing of the beginning and end of ice events in comparison with traditional methods.  Terms of navigation on the Northern Rivers are insignificant and are subject to strong influence of climatic factors. The problem of supply disruption is the most urgent today. Failure to implement the Northern delivery plan not only leads to financial losses, but also poses a threat to life and health of the population living in the territories of the North of the Russian Federation. Based on this, the relevance of the developed method is determined by the fact that the reliability of the transport processes of cargo transportation along the Northern rivers largely depends on the accuracy of the forecast of the start and end of the ice events, as well as the fact that the main mode of transport for the transportation of all types of goods of Northern delivery is river and sea transport. For example, according to statistics, the share of river and sea transport in the freight turnover of the Northern regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Irkutsk region is 60%.

Keywords: regions of the Far North, Northern delivery, river transport, navigation on the Northern Rivers, Markov chain, forecast of the beginning and end of ice phenomena.

References

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Abstract. The article emphasizes the importance of improving the technical and organizational level and ensuring sustainable financial condition of the transport industry to ensure the competitiveness of Russia, the impact of transport services on the most important aspects of the state development, as well as the importance of accelerated introduction of digital technologies to improve the quality of transport services. The main problems of the transport industry, which in the first place include: insufficient investment in rolling stock and innovative projects, are revealed; the low level of financial and economic indicators of the transport industry; organizational, methodological and financial unavailability of many enterprises of the transport industry for the implementation of innovative projects, etc. Considered the possibility of resolving many of them using digital technologies in order to implement the adopted on this issue of legal acts, Programs and decrees of the President. The authors assess the main digital investment projects implemented in the transport industry in terms of their impact on the financial performance of enterprises. The importance of establishing a business risk management system based on the information base and using modern methods of data processing, forecasting, evaluation and analysis is emphasized. The possibilities and risks of using cryptocurrencies and technologies of the distributed register, allowing: to replace intermediaries between users of currencies; to reduce transaction costs; to provide simplicity, speed and safety of cash payments; to use online platforms for investment of temporarily free funds in financial market instruments, are revealed.

Keywords: enterprises of the transport industry, digital innovation projects, systems of transport processes, monitoring of financial condition, information and financial services, financial resources, financial indicators, digital financial assets, risk management.

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