«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 1(60), March 2020

Abstract. 

Analysis of the process of urbanization and motorization in the world shows that in Vietnam, while maintaining the rate of production in the country and the income of the population, the process of urbanization will be most active in the period from 2025 to 2040. Motorization of large cities in Vietnam will face the problem of insufficient construction of streets and roads and lagging in the development of public land transport. There are some indicators that characterize the problematic limitations of the existing urban transport network in Vietnam, which in the future will determine the critical trajectory of its development - the total length of city streets and roads (the relative area of the city occupied by the road network). In the cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh, the length of streets and roads increases every year, but the increase is less than 1%, while the number of personal cars is growing by 5-7% per year, and the number of bicycles is even faster - up to 10-12% at a rate of urbanization of about 3% per year. The increase in the number of private cars in cities not only creates problems with the formation of traffic delays, but also leads to air pollution, noise pollution and increase in the number of road accidents. Based on this, the author offers several models for providing transportation in the cities of Vietnam related to the sustainable development of the urban environment. 

Keywords: bus, public transport, urban transport, motorization process, personal transport, Vietnam.

References

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Abstract. 

When studying the dynamics of changes in the technical condition of the car and its units in the process of technical operation, a continuous form of dependencies is used. This made it possible to use the classical mathematical analysis apparatus based on differentiation and integration of continuous functions. When applying practical calculations, in particular, related to the planning and evaluation of technical performance indicators of a fleet of vehicles, a discrete form of representation of indicators can be used. However, in most cases, it is impossible to use classical mathematical methods related to differentiation and integration for analysis. In such situations, another mathematical apparatus is required, which allows conducting research for functions that have a discrete form. A continuous function can always be represented in discrete form. However, this representation inevitably leads to a certain error. This article studied the changes over time of vehicle operation basic indicators of its technical operation (the coefficient of technical use, the vehicle's mileage prior to cancellation, the total time of operation of the vehicle, the sum of the technical coefficients of use, implemented by the coefficient of technical use for the entire period of operation, etc.), with a discrete form of representation. To determine the value of the discreteness step, an iterative algorithm is proposed in the article.

Keywords: technical operation, coefficient of technical use, period of operation, discrete form, step of discreteness.

Abstract. 

In the last decade, Vietnam’s economy has been dynamically developing, leading to an increase in demand for the transport of goods and passengers. Currently, a unified transport system has been formed in Vietnam, including road; railway; inland waterway; coastal waterway; airway and pipeline transport. Among the modal procedures of freight transportation, roads play a very important role and significantly affect the delivery of goods, especially in large cities. Traffic problems and efforts to improve the quality of freight transportation in Vietnam are considered to be difficult and remain unresolved by many scientists. Fuel costs remain high and account for about 65% of all operating costs and the country is forced to import 60% of fuel. Therefore, the improvement of the current system of consumption rationing fuel is an important task of the freight transportation Vietnam. The main disadvantage of the current method for rationing fuel consumption in Vietnam is the lack of an objective assessment of the operating conditions of trucks, which makes it impossible to assign exact surcharges to a linear norm. The current method does not explicitly take into account a number of basic parameters of the transport process. The paper aims to analyze the role of road freight transport in the economy, proposes a refined approach to determining the consumption rationing fuel for trucks and its features in the conditions of Vietnam. In this case, with the assessment and taking into account the significant influence of factors on fuel consumption, it is possible to improve the accuracy of rationing and reduce fuel consumption.

Keywords: transport, road freight, operation of truck, fuel consumption rationing, fuel consumption by cars. 

References

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Abstract. 

The paper suggests the mathematical modeling method of fatigue failure processes of reconstructed surfaces of automobiles bearing units with polymeric materials. The results of numerical modeling allow to take into account various mechanisms of polymer microdepletion as a result of matrix destruction under the influence of various loads and to estimate the influence of aging processes on the development of cracks in the viscoelastic body. Justification of the optimal composition of polymer composite materials, taking into account the influence of various kinds of rheological properties for the restoration of bearing assemblies through the use of mathematical analysis and numerical modeling, will improve the efficiency of the development of technological processes of car repair. The use of the mathematical apparatus is explained by the lack of existing methods alloing us to evaluate the operability of stationary compounds reduced by polymeric materials, taking into account changes in the properties of the polymer under the influence of cyclic loads and external factors such as temperature, aggressive environment, and time factor. Known methods are applicable, as a rule, to some special loading processes and cannot be used in the analysis of aging processes of reconditioned bearing assemblies by polymers and compositions used in the repair of heat-loaded automobile units, such as internal combustion engines. The methodology described in the paper may be of interest to scientists involved in researching the processes of aging of polymer composite materials and repair enterprises workers when substantiating polymer compositions and technology for repairing bearing assemblies.

References

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Аннотация
В статье рассматривается вариант моделирования поведения водителя в системе «водитель – машина», оценивается влияние составляющих системы на управляемость машины и обосновывается необходимость упреждающих действий в связи с задержками в системе.

Ключевые слова:
динамическая модель, система «водитель – машина», психофизиологические характеристики водителя, система автоматического регулирования, моделирование поведения водителя.

Список литературы:

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Abstract. 

The article presents the results of investigations of operational reliability of the valve timing mechanism phases control subsystem, the main causes of the subsystem loss of operable condition, the impact of failures of its structural elements on the engine operation. As the object of the study, the subsystem of control of phases of the valve timing mechanism is selected quite complex electronic engine control system 1.6 VTi Tiptronic (88 kW) of Peugeot cars. According to the results of the studies, the average operating time of the subsystem elements before failure, probability of their failure-free operation and analytical dependencies of change of failure rate by operating time of the vehicle have been determined. It has been found that failures of elements such as the valve timing mechanism phase control solenoid valve and the camshaft position sensor lead to a significant decrease in engine power, an increase in fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases. Failures of the electric motor of raising of valves, the position sensor of bent shaft lead to more serious violations in operation of the engine, up to total loss of working capacity by it. As diagnostic parameter, which comprehensively evaluates technical state of valve timing mechanism subsystem, "deviation of position of phase regulator of inlet camshaft" from specified by electronic control unit "is proposed. Standard values of the parameter are defined, which are necessary elements in the system of ensuring operable valve timing mechanism state during monitoring and diagnostic operations. Method and algorithm of diagnostics of investigated subsystem are proposed, use of which in production process of maintenance and repair of cars allows to significantly reduce labour intensity of works and costs for maintenance of subsystem in technically serviceable condition due to timely detection and elimination of damages occurring in it.

Keywords: operating time, failure, electronic control, diagnostic parameter, algorithm.

References

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3. Danilov I. K., Sychev A. M., Marusin A. V. Gruzovik, 2016, no. 11, pp. 16–19.
4. Kustikov A. D., Kuz'min N. A. Bespilotnyye transportnyye sredstva: problemy i perspektivy, Sbornik materialov, Nizhniy Novgorod, NGTU im. R. E. Alekseeva, 2016, pp. 217–224.
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Abstract. 

The aim of the article is to study all operating conditions of road (land) transport and technological means in Burundi, that affect the change in their technical condition. The in-depth study identified the external and technical causes of operational failures of land vehicles in Burundi, taking into account the current conditions of maintenance and repair for all types of road transport. Studies of the growth rate of the fleet of wheeled vehicles in Burundi have established that, despite all the difficulties of using the road transport network, and the lack of maintenance and repair system, the fleet is constantly increasing, and the influence of high humidity and high temperature on the parts and assembly units of vehicles forces to reduce the interval of maintenance by 25…30% and at the same time increase the volume of operations during its conduct.

Keywords: maintenance, repair, operating conditions, road conditions, reliability, efficiency, brake systems, engine, transmission, wear, failure, wheeled vehicles.

References

1.  Carteret M., Andre M., Pasquier A. Méthode d’estimation des parcs automobiles et de l’impact de mesures de restriction d’accès sur les émissions de polluants [Rapport de recherche], IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l’Aménagement et des Réseaux, 2015, 66 p.

2.  Plan national de dévéloppement du Burundi. PND Burundi 2018-2027, available at: https://presidence.gov.bi/strategies-nationales/plan-national-de-developpement-du-burundi-pnd-burundi-2018-2027/ (15.12.2019).

3.  L’etude urgente sur le transport urbain a Bujumbura : Rapport final, available at: open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11882669_06.pdf (15.12.2019).

4.  The emergency study on urban transport in Bu-jumbura. : Rapport final, available at: open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11882636_06.pdf (15.12.2019).

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Abstract. 

The grip properties of the wheels significantly affect the most important operational properties of vehicles, such as stability, traction and dynamic properties and braking performance. The difficulty in determining the coefficient of grip is associated with significant non-stationary process of interaction of the elastic wheel with the supporting surface. Adaptability to changing road conditions is one of the most important properties of modern active safety systems, which include anti-lock braking system, traction control system, electronic stability control, collision avoidance system, and preventive motion control system. Adaptability consists in the ability to take into account the drift of the maximum of the curve of dependence of grip coefficient on slippage, the position of which is affected by a number of factors. Another important quality of control systems is the adequacy of functioning in real time. There are various methods for determining the coefficient of grip, among which are experimental and calculated, direct and indirect, road, bench, on-board, and remote. The purpose of road methods is to determine the adhesion properties of the road surface; they provide for forced watering of the surface and are not applicable to algorithms of active safety systems. A promising method is the prediction of the coefficient of grip based on meteorological data transmitted to the control unit remotely using intelligent road transport infrastructure. However, to implement the algorithms of active safety systems, it is necessary to determine the actual value of the coefficient of grip by on-board means. Currently, there is a tendency to move from the use of kinematic parameters of wheel motion to force factors, in particular, to direct measurement of braking forces. The author of this article proposes a new method for calculating the circumferential force on a wheel based on the current value of traction or braking torque, which is determined by the on-board sensor equipment widely used in motor vehicles.

Keywords: special purpose vehicles; pneumatic brake system; active safety; preventive motion control system; iterative method; forecasting

References

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Abstract. 

Vietnam's economy has been strongly growing in recent years, in which the transport system plays a very important role, significantly contributing to the overall economic development of the country. Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are the two cities with the highest passenger demand for various types of passenger transportation, which are operated by both private transport companies and joint-stock transport companies; and government transport companies. This transport system includes an extensive transport network, and the production activities of transport enterprises are constantly being improved. Transport enterprises and transport companies make every effort to ensure that the needs of people in transportation are as satisfied as possible at the lowest cost of transportation. The development of the production and technical base of transport enterprises continues, which is one of the main trends in the development of passenger transportation in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The article presents the general technical requirements for servicing taxi cars and passenger vehicles. Particular attention is paid to the process of maintenance of automobile vehicles in joint stock companies in Hanoi. The issues of organizing and conducting maintenance and current repair of taxi cars at the currently existing production and technical base of enterprises located in Hanoi are considered. The article provides an assessment and recommendations to improve the quality of vehicle maintenance at enterprises.

Keywords: transport, taxi passenger transport, automobile maintenance, repair, taxi, automobile transport enterprises.

References

1. Ministerstvo transporta V'etnama, available at: https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Giao-thong-Van-tai/Thong-tu-53-2014-TT-BGTVT-bao-duong-ky-thuat-sua-chua-phuong-tien-giao-thong-co-gioi-duong-bo-254537.aspx (19.10.2019).
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Abstract. 

To solve the problem of slippery roads in the winter and remove thin ice from their bearing surface in the lower layer of its formation, without damaging the upper layer of the road surface, the ice breaker was developed at D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan state technical university. The working body of the impact action of the icebreaker has a small energy consumption, at the same time the ice, as a brittle material, pricks it well, and the road surface remains intact since the impact force of a spherical hammer is not enough to exceed the strength and destruction of the road surface. The article provides an analysis of the working capacity of the working body of an ice-cutting machine with spherical strikers. It presents the calculation and modeling of the FEM of the main parameters of its efficiency. The reliability and validity of the experimental data obtained during testing of full-scale samples of a unique working body of impact with the results of computer simulation of the dynamic penetration of a spherical hammer into the ice cover of asphalt concrete roads was verified.

Keywords: ice, asphalt concrete, automobile road, slippery, impact, spherical hammer, safety factor, ice destruction.

References

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Abstract. 

This article contains: research data traffic volume on highways M-2 "Crimea" and M-9 "Baltic" in 2003 - 2015 and forecasts for future traffic intensity in 2030, 2035 and 2039; speed on surveyed highways in general and on the lanes; calculation of the required elastic modulus at the time of research 2004, 2009, 2015, and for the future: 2030 (15 years - design life of permanent surface according to  IRC 218.046-01); 2035 (20 years - prospective pavement design life for this category of road according to CP 34.13330.2012); 2039 (24 years  - design life of pavement according to  the RF Government Regulation of  May 30, 2017 No. 658); analysis of the results and conclusions about the need to adjusting of existing methods for pavement design and the need to use in highways rigid pavement construction with longer service life than standard, due to changes in traffic conditions and composition of traffic stream.

Keywords: research, forecasting, pavement, traffic volume, speed, resilient modulus.

References

1. Avtomobil'nye dorogi, SP 34.13330.2012 (Automobile roads, Body of Rules 34.13330.2012), Moscow, ZAO “SoyuzdorNII”, 2012, 129 p.
2. Rukovodstvo po prognozirovaniyu intensivnosti dvizheniya na avtomobil'nyh dorogah (Guide to predicting traffic volume on highway), Moscow, OOO “GIPRODORNII”, 2003, 38 p.
3. Katalog tehniki, available at: http://www.gruzoviki.com/catalogue/ ?the=truck (01.11.2019).
4. Instrukcija po proektirovaniyu dorozhnyh odezhd nezhestkogo tipa, VSN 46-83 (Manual for the design of highway pavement of non-rigid type, Industry building code 46-83), Moscow, Mintransstroj SSSR, 1983, 152 p.
5. Matveev S. A., Martynov E. A., Litvinov N. N. Vestnik SibADI, 2015, no. 5 (45), pp. 72–76.
6. Korochkin A. V. Transportnoe stroitel'stvo, 2013, no. 5, pp. 11–12.
7. Gohman L. M. Avtomobil'nye dorogi, 2015, no. 5, pp. 76–79.
8. Dinges E. V., Gusejnaliev V. A. Ekonomicheskoe obosnovanie proektnyh reshenij pri stroitel'stve i rekonstrukcii avtomobil'nyh dorog (Economic justification of design decisions in the construction and reconstruction of highway), Moscow, MADI (GTU), 2004, 88 p.
9. Dorogi avtomobil'nye obshego pol'zovanija. Proektirovanie nezhestkih dorozhnyh odezhd, PNST 265-2018 (Automobile roads of general use. Flexible pavement design, Preliminary National Standard 265-2018), ANO «NII TSK» Moscow, 2018, 79 p.
10. Korochkin A. V. Vestnik MADI, 2018, no. 2 (53), pp. 104–109.
11. Teregulova E. R. Izvestiya KGASU, 2011, no. 4 (22), pp. 389–396.

Abstract. 

In the conditions of the country's transition to a market economy and a deficit of investments, the issues of justification and efficiency of capital investments spent on the construction of new and reconstruction of existing airports are becoming of particular relevance. The most expensive airport facilities are airfield pavements, whose cost reaches 25% of the cost of the entire airport complex. Therefore, at the present stage, the issue of substantiating the structural decisions taken on individual sections of airfield pavements is of great practical importance. The article deals in detail with the issue of justification of the feasibility of using artificial bases from reinforced materials in the structures of rigid airfield pavements, taking into account their impact on the operational and technical condition and service life of the coating. The formula for determination of technical and economic efficiency of application of artificial bases taking into account capital and operational expenses for the construction and maintenance of a cement concrete pavement is offered.

Keywords: airfield, pavement, service life, cost, investment, thickness, technical and economic efficiency.

References 

1. Aerodromy, SP 121.13330.2012 (Aerodromes, Set of Rules 121.13330.2012), Moscow, Standartinform, 2019, 98 p.
2. Stepushin A. P., Aung K. K. Vestnik MADI, 2018, no. 1 (53), pp. 57–63.
3. Vinogradov A. P. Raschet, konstruirovanie, ocenka zhestkih pokrytij aerodromov s uchetom zadannoj dolgovechnosti (Calculation of design, evaluation airfield rigid pavement airfields based on the specific longevity), Moscow, Svetlitsa, 2014, 148 p.
4. Vinogradov A. P. Nadezhnost’ i sertifikaciya prochnosti cementabetonnyh pokrytij aehrodromov (Reliability and certification strength of cement concrete pavements of airfields), Moscow, Irmast, 1994, 125 p.
5. Vinogradov B. A. Vestnik MADI, 2017, no. 1 (48), pp. 73–77.
6. Stepushin A. P., Saburenkova V. A. Vestnik MADI, 2017, no. 1 (48), pp. 84–89.
7. Yushkov F. V., Makarova E. A. Vestnik MADI, 2017, no. 2 (49), pp. 59–63.
8. Lugov S. V., Kalyonova E. V. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhonoj otrasli, 2016, no. 1 (75), pp. 11–14.
9. Saburenkova. V. A. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhonoj otrasil, 2015, no. 4 (74), pp. 28–31.
10. Saburenkova. V. A. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhonoj otrasli, 2013, no. 4 (67), pp. 32–34.
11. Stepushin A. P. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhonoj otrasli, 2013, no. 3 (66), pp. 16–19.

Abstract. 

One of the most important characteristics of sand is the filtration coefficient used when calculating pavements for drainage ability. The prerequisites for a possible decrease in drainage ability and the consequences that may arise in the case of a decrease in the sand filtration coefficient after the forced transfer of base sand to a compacted state under the influence of road-building equipment are discussed. The research is aimed at identifying those changes in the sand filtration coefficient that occur due to the work of external technological forces on the arranged technological layer. At the MADI "Construction and maintenance of roads" department the research of the filtration properties of sand at construction sites of the road network in Moscow is organized. It has been established how significant the mechanical effect of construction vehicles on the change of the sand filtering functions is. A statistical analysis of the relative change in the sand filtration coefficient after completion of the structural layer in comparison with the initial value of the filter coefficient has been performed. 

References

1. GOST 25100-2011. Grunty. Klassifikaciya, available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/gost-25100-2011 (29.10.2019).
2. GOST 25584-2016 Grunty. Metody laboratornogo opredeleniya koefficienta fil'tracii (s Popravkoj), available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200141112 (28.10.2019).
3. Kudryavcev A.N., Lugov S.V., Nosov V.P. Vestnik MADI, 2017, no. 4 (51), pp.79–84.
4. Maslov N.N. Osnovy inzhenernoj geologii i mehaniki gruntov (Fundamentals of engineering geology and soil mechanics), Moscow, Vysshaya shkola, 1982, 511 p.
5. ODN 218.046-01. Proektirovanie nezhyostkih dorozhnyh odezhd, available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200015514 (28.10.2019).
6. PNST 265-2018. Dorogi avtomobil'nye obshchego pol'zovaniya. Proektirovanie nezhyostkih dorozhnyh odezhd, available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200158922 (29.10.2019).

Abstract. 

Within the framework of the method of remote satellite monitoring of traffic flows, the applicability of the express method, which allows attributing a transport object to a particular type of street or city road, is assessed in this article. The minimum required number of measurements of traffic intensity was determined in the course of the study using the methods of mathematical statistics, and the minimum required number of marker points for daily accounting of the intensity and their variation in time according to unit extremes of the studied transport object were revealed. The analysis of experimental data for streets and roads with time varying critical points revealed the optimal distribution of points throughout the day, providing representative results. At the final stage, the time and prices of the express method for typing streets and city roads were normalized. According to the study results, the authors recommend the use of the developed method to optimize time and financial costs when classifying a transport object to a certain type of street or city road.

Keywords: typization of streets and city roads, express method, remote satellite monitoring, variation intervals, economic feasibility of costs.

References

1. Timohovec V. D., Sitnikov V. N., Testeshev A. A., Sysuev D. A. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov, 2018, no. 2 (67), pp. 246–253
2. Loshchinina I. E., Testeshev A. A., Timоhovec V. D. Certificate RU 2019611026, 18.01.2019.
3. Kremer N. Sh. Teoriya veroyatnostej i matematicheskaya statistika (Probability theory and mathematical statistics), Moscow, YUNITI: YUNITI-Dana, 2003, 573 p.
4. Kuz'mich S. I., Fedina T. O. Izvestiya TulGU. Tekhnicheskie nauki, 2008, no. 3, pp. 159–166.
5. Stroitel'stvo avtomobil'nyh dorog, ENiR. Sbornik E17 (Construction of highways, Uniform Standards and Rates E17), Moscow, Strojizdat, 1989, 48 p.
6. Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoj statistiki: Rynok truda, zanyatost' i zarabotnaya plata, available at: http://old.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/wages/ (25.10.2019).
7. Vuchik V. R. Transport v gorodah, udobnyh dlya zhizni (Transport in cities that are comfortable for living), Moscow, Territoriya budushchego, 2011, 575 p.
8. Anufriev A. A. Molodoj uchenyj, 2016, no. 11 (115), pp. 260–264.
9. Issledovaniya Yandeksa – Ulicy Rossii, available at: https://yandex.ru/company/researches/2017/streets (28.10.2019).
10. Ivanchenko G. I., Medvedev Yu. I. Matematicheskaya statistika (Math statistics), Moscow, Librokom, 2014, 352 p.

Abstract. 

The article examines the asphalt concrete mixture compaction process with a smooth roller from the energy point of view. The concept of compaction specific work is introduced, which is a quantitative assessment of the energy intensity of the compaction process. The contact arc of the roller with the mixture is divided into zones corresponding to elastic-viscous loading, plastic flow and elastic-viscous unloading. As a rheological model describing the behavior of asphalt concrete mixture under loading, a simplified model is adopted, including the Maxwell body and the Saint-Venant element. In this case, the described method of determining the specific work can be extended to more complex models. The laws of behavior of the rheological model for each zone of the arc of contact of the roller with the mixture are established. The method of determining the parameters included in the equation of specific compaction of asphalt concrete mixture is described. The analysis of the market of modern domestic and foreign road rollers from the point of view of the energy intensity of the coating compaction by various models is made. The connection between the power parameter of the roller and the work of the coating seal with the specified parameters is established. In general, the results of this study allow you to choose the design parameters of the road roller for specific conditions of work taking into account the energy intensity of the compaction process.

Keywords: asphalt concrete mix, compaction, roller, deformation work, sediment, rheological model, pressure, viscosity, modulus of elasticity.

References

1. Ishlinskij A. Yu. Prikladnye zadachi mekhaniki. Kniga 1. Mekhanika vyzkoplasticheskih i ne vpolne uprugih tel (Applied problems of mechanics. Book 1. Mechanics of viscoplastic and not-completely-elastic bodies), Moscow, Nauka, 1986, 359 p.
2. Parfenov A. A., Martynova A. S. Dal'nij Vostok: problemy razvitiya arhitekturno-stroitel'nogo kompleksa, 2017, no. 1, pp. 90-84.
3. Bogomolov V. A., Zhdanyuk V. K., Bogomolov S. V. Avtomobil'nyj transport (Har'kov), 2010, no. 1, pp. 157–162.
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10. Kustarev G. V., Balovnev V. I., Danilov R. G. Stroitel'nye i dorozhnye mashiny, 2018, no. 12, pp. 12–21.

Abstract. 

The article deals with the efficiency of the use of polystyrene foam (EPS-blocks) in the body of embankments approaches to bridges located on weak foundation. Reinforcement of the embankment soil leads to a decrease in the deformation of the embankment, but does not reduce the deformation of the soil base. The use of EPS-blocks contributes not only to reduce the deformation of the embankment, but also to reduce the pressure on the foundation soils. In the case of weak soils, this solution seems to be one of the most effective. The authors conclude that the body of the embankment approaches to bridges include EPS-blocks, vertical deformation of the embankment is reduced by 50% compared to a sand embankment and 15-20% compared to reinforcement embankment, horizontal displacement of the end of the transition plates of the abutment is reduced by 60 and 70%, respectively, when the transition plates buried and surface are provided, compared to the sand embankment. In absolute value, horizontal displacements with a buried transition plate are less than with a surface plate by 35 and 15%, respectively, for sandy and EPS-block embankments

Keywords: deformation, soil pressure, movements, integral abutment, foam polystyrene, EPS-blocs.

References 

1. Medres E.P. Sovershenstvovanie tehnologii stroitelstva kombinirovannoi dorozhnoy is EPS-blokov i penobetona na slabych gruntach (Improvement of technology of construction of the combined road embankment from EPS-blocks and foam concrete on weak soils), Abstract of Doctor’s thesis, Saint Petersburg, OOO ID «Petropolis», 2013, 19 p.
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3. Stark T. D., Arellano D., Horvath J. S., Leshchinsky D. Geofoam Application in the Design and Construction of Highway Embankment, Washington, The National Academies, 2004, 792 p.
4. Horvath J. S. Integral abutment bridg es: Problems and innovative solutions using EPS Geopfoam and other geosynthetics, New York, Manhatten College, 2000, 152 p.
5. Popov V. I., Chan D. Z. Vestnik MADI, 2019, no. 2 (57), pp. 96–101.
6. Buksowicz M., Culpan S. Use of EPS as a Lightweight Fill Material on the Port Mann, Conference of the Transportation: Past, Present, Future, Ottawa, Canada, Transportation Association of Canada, 2014, vol. 1, pp. 1950–1969.
7. Horvath J. S. The compressible inclusion function of EPS geofoam: an overview, International Symposium on EPS (Expanded Poly-Styrol) Construction Method, Tokyo, Japan, EPS Construction Method Development Organization, 1996, vol. 15, pp. 72–81.
8. Popov V. I. Pyteprovody s klassicheskimi i integralnymi ustoyami (Overpass with classic and integral abutments), Moscow, Biblio-Globus, 2019, 342 p.
9. Fam Tuan Than'. Sovershenstvovanie konstrukcii soprjazhenija puteprovodov s nasypjami podhodov v uslovijah V'etnama (Improving the design of the interface of overpasses with embankments of approaches in the conditions of Vietnam), Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, MADI, 2017, 169 p.

Abstract. 

The article deals with the problems of integration development in the field of road transport in international communication. Physical and non-physical limitations associated with the development of international transport corridors on the territory of Eurasia in the field of road cargo transportation are reviewed. The practical experience of the European Union in cooperation with other regional groups of countries, as well as with individual Asian countries, for the development of a single transport area of the Eurasian economic Union on the example of the EU, that solves the appearing obstacles, is described. The EU's experience in building partnerships with Asian countries allows us to determine the necessary format for EAEU cooperation with other countries. Improving the integration process from the lowest to the highest level of interaction provides a higher degrees of goods movement freedom and weakening of trade barriers. Examples of relationships between the European Union and the Asian region show positive changes, as evidenced by the import and export dynamics of EU goods (based on Eurostat statistics). The article also notes the need for more efficient use of existing infrastructure that will accelerate the development of international transport corridors and therefore the single transport area, as well as the process of integration in the field of road freight transport.

Keywords: single transport area, international transport corridors, integration, free trade area, international cargo transportation.

References

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Abstract. 

The article considers the possibility of introducing zones with low emissions of pollutants as one of the tools of transport demand management to reduce emissions of pollutants into the air from road transport. Such zones are traffic management schemes aimed at restricting the entry of vehicles of low environmental classes on the territory of settlements, urban districts. Foreign experience of creation of zones with restriction of the entrance of vehicles of low ecological classes is analyzed and the assessment of possible influence of the specified zones on decrease in emissions of polluting substances is given. The main tools used in the framework of measures to manage transport demand, necessary to improve the environmental sustainability of transport systems. The analysis of the practice of introduction of zones with restriction of entry of vehicles of low ecological classes in foreign countries showed the important role of this event in the developed strategies for the management of transport demand. The estimation of possible ecological efficiency of introduction of a zone with low emissions in the center of Moscow is resulted. It is noted that Russia has a policy aimed at reducing emissions of pollutants and the formation of a sustainable transport system.

Keywords: transport demand management, sustainable transport, motor vehicle, low emission zone, ecological zone, emissions of pollutants into the air, particulate matter РМ10.

References

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Abstract. The article emphasizes the importance of improving the technical and organizational level and ensuring sustainable financial condition of the transport industry to ensure the competitiveness of Russia, the impact of transport services on the most important aspects of the state development, as well as the importance of accelerated introduction of digital technologies to improve the quality of transport services. The main problems of the transport industry, which in the first place include: insufficient investment in rolling stock and innovative projects, are revealed; the low level of financial and economic indicators of the transport industry; organizational, methodological and financial unavailability of many enterprises of the transport industry for the implementation of innovative projects, etc. Considered the possibility of resolving many of them using digital technologies in order to implement the adopted on this issue of legal acts, Programs and decrees of the President. The authors assess the main digital investment projects implemented in the transport industry in terms of their impact on the financial performance of enterprises. The importance of establishing a business risk management system based on the information base and using modern methods of data processing, forecasting, evaluation and analysis is emphasized. The possibilities and risks of using cryptocurrencies and technologies of the distributed register, allowing: to replace intermediaries between users of currencies; to reduce transaction costs; to provide simplicity, speed and safety of cash payments; to use online platforms for investment of temporarily free funds in financial market instruments, are revealed.

Keywords: enterprises of the transport industry, digital innovation projects, systems of transport processes, monitoring of financial condition, information and financial services, financial resources, financial indicators, digital financial assets, risk management.

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