«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 2(61), June 2020

Abstract. 

The article discusses the current transport problems of the Republic of Burundi. The analysis of freight and passenger traffic performed by various modes of transport is presented. The leading role of road transport in passenger transportation was noted. The analysis was made on the brands of vehicles that perform passenger transportation. The features of operation, maintenance and repair of vehicles are shown. It is shown that a significant increase in the population of African countries predetermines a significant increase in the need for transportation. The geographical location of the country is determined by the specific features of transportation by various modes of transport. Countries determining the features of transport by various means of transport. Quantitative data and characteristics of trucking companies operating in Burundi are presented. It shows the distribution of the country's fleet by type and age structure of vehicles. The structure (management) of the state motor company OTRACO is presented. Performing passenger transportation in the capital. Examples of the impact of road and climatic conditions on the operation of vehicles and their technical condition are carried out.

Keywords: types of transport, passenger transportation, passenger enterprises, specifics of transportation, road transport, maintenance and repair.

References

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5. Semyotso P., Iranyibutse F., Havyarimana J. Transport and telecommunication, Burundi statistical yearbook, Bujumbura, ISTEEBU, 2017, vol. 10, pp 138–141.
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7. Ndayishimiye N. Burundian Revenue Office, Burundi statistical yearbook, Bujumbura, ISTEEBU, 2011, vol. 2, pp. 105–107.
8. Sibomana J. C. Technical support to OTRACO, The emergency study on urban transport in Bujumbura, Bujumbura, ISTEEBU, 2010, vol. 2, pp. 85–90.
9. Flash Statistiques – Afrique, available at: https://www.uneca.org/fr/acs/pages/flash-statistiques-afrique (20.11.2019).
10. African Statistical Yearbook 2018, available at: https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/asyb_2018_final_16may.pdf (01.11.2019).

Abstract. 

This article discusses the calculation and possible ways to increase the traction and speed indicators of the car. The main task of researchers and designers is to increase the quality of work of all driving modes (acceleration of the car, its braking, movement in various gears, overcoming obstacles, etc). In cars, friction clutches of various designs are mainly used. The main work is the use of friction between surfaces. The transmission efficiency of the torque is determined by the clutch margin. A generally accepted analytical definition of the value of this coefficient is considered to be calculation in accordance with the structural characteristics of the clutch, while the coefficient has a constant value. However, the two-mass dynamic model of the car shows that this value cannot have a constant value. It is proposed to determine the value of the clutch safety factor using this dynamic car model. The clutch safety factor calculated by the dynamic model of the car will increase its traction characteristics. The calculation results show that the traction characteristics of the vehicle at approximately equal speeds, in terms of the dynamic coefficient of clutch safety, are slightly greater than in generally accepted calculations for the static coefficient of clutch safety.

Keywords: clutch designs, clutch safety factor, clutch friction moment, friction clutch. 

Abstract. 

There are a lot of amphibians and two-unit tracked amphibians transporter should be separated in individual class. A distinctive feature this type of amphibian from other one is the towing device, which necessary for: transmit the torque from the engine to the chassis of the first and second units; swivel connection which using as a rotary towing device to change position of the unit in one or more planes; increased possibility of the carrier by increasing the folding angle of the units in a vertical plane. At present time with the advent of new technologies and materials increased the payload, reliability and safety of this type of the vehicles. Amphibians can overcome water obstacles without prior training, and can be used on rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. On the water a wave arises that causes various oscillatory movements of the amphibian. A combination of this movements is called pitching, little known for two-unit tracked amphibians carrier. In this article considers the problem of the safe operation of two-unit tracked amphibious vehicles on water, taking into account their features and described a method for determining and calculating of damping coefficient. This one allows to correlate the results of model tests and take them into account while operating full-scale amphibious vehicles.

Keywords: amphibian, two-unit tracked amphibious vehicle, damping coefficient, transporter, towing device, pitching, wave, operation.

References

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Abstract. 

The article describes the method of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The method is applied in order to investigate viscoelastic properties of materials are varied according to time, temperature or frequency of impact in various oscillating loads. The methodology for conducting DMA of the created polymer composite materials is described. The polymer composite materials are made of basalt-plastic with a hybrid matrix, which includes a component that retains viscoelastic state after forming the product. Anaerobic polymer material, organosilicon polymer material, and technical wax were selected as materials of the viscoelastic component of the hybrid matrix. The results of the dependence of the elastic modulus and the tangent of the angle of mechanical losses created polymer composite materials with various types of hybrid matrices on the time and temperature of the test are presented. The values of the change in the basic elastic characteristics of polymer composite materials (dynamic modulus of elasticity Eˊ, dynamic modulus of mechanical losses Eˊˊ, tangent of the angle of mechanical losses tgδ) and the glass transition temperature when introduction the viscoelastic components into matrix of polymer composite materials are determined. The comparative analysis of research results of polymer composite materials with different hybrid matrices and one without of viscoelastic components is done. Recommendation of using of development polymer composite materials with different types of hybrid matrices in field of mechanical engineering are given.

Keywords: dynamic mechanical analysis, hybrid matrix, modulus of elasticity, modulus of mechanical losses, polymer composite materials, glass transition temperature.

References

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10. Rudskoj A. I., Baurova N. I. Tekhnologiya metallov, 2019, no. 2, pp. 2–10.

Аннотация
В статье рассматривается вариант моделирования поведения водителя в системе «водитель – машина», оценивается влияние составляющих системы на управляемость машины и обосновывается необходимость упреждающих действий в связи с задержками в системе.

Ключевые слова:
динамическая модель, система «водитель – машина», психофизиологические характеристики водителя, система автоматического регулирования, моделирование поведения водителя.

Список литературы:

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Abstract. 

Operational features of reliable and high-quality equipment for road construction works require high costs for maintaining the operability of these machines. Since construction work is currently carried out mainly with the use of hand-made machines, replacement of worn-out, especially functionally important parts is an expensive process. To ensure the requirements of reliable and safe operation of road-building machines, a systematic approach to solving these problems is required, which is solved by the authors by developing an original model of the optimal choice of technology for the restoration of parts of road-building machines, with the goal being the highest quality of the part after restoration. A small number of operations are used to restore road-building machines, which leads to a decrease in the quality of recovery as a whole. The article is intended for specialists in the field of restoration of parts of road-building equipment. Information on the use of shot blasting for the formation of high-quality surface parts of road construction machines and equipment is given. The choice of shot blasting modes to increase the durability, reliability and safety of parts is justified. The above information expands the possibilities of using shot blasting for road-building machines.

Keywords: road construction machine, part restoration, shot blasting, surface shaping.

References

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Abstract. 

The article presents the results of quality control of the finished asphalt concrete pavement during the construction of the pavement on the bridge over the Amur river near Khabarovsk. The obtained results made it possible to make a conclusion on the assessment of the quality of construction works and to justify the implemented construction of the pavement with a protective-bonding layer and a coating of high-density asphalt concrete. The requirements for preparing the metal surface of the plate before laying the protective-bonding layer are given. The technological process is presented and the quality control requirements for the construction of the protective-bonding layer are given. The requirements for materials for the preparation of asphalt concrete mix are given. The indicators of physical and mechanical properties, the projected composition of the asphalt concrete pavement are given. The issues of technology for laying and compacting asphalt concrete mix are considered. The composition of the group of machines is given and the technological sequence of work on the device of asphalt concrete pavement on an orthotropic metal plate is given. The approximate length of the capture of work depending on weather conditions is given. Based on the practical measurements obtained, the permissible time allowed for compacting the asphalt concrete layer of the coating at different air temperatures is given. Data on the kinetics of cooling of the asphalt concrete pavement and orthotropic slab after laying and compacting the asphalt concrete mixture are presented. The results of changes in the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete on the orthotropic metal plate of the bridge over time are presented.

Keywords: bridge, metal orthotropic bridge plate, protective-bonding layer, laying and compaction of asphalt concrete mix, quality control, asphalt concrete pavement.

References

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Abstract. 

The article is devoted to the study of the temperature effect on coupling qualities when measured with the PPK-MADI device. The article presents the results of measurements made on the Syria roads and in a heat chamber on samples of road surfaces. The measurements were carried out on pavements of various roughness, which was evaluated by the "sand spot" method. The resulting dependencies has shown a slight decrease in the coefficient of friction as the temperature rises. In the article a graph of the distribution of coupling qualities of pavements is shown and indicating that for Syria the problem of assessing coupling qualities is as important as in Russia. The results of the study of the temperature effect on the readings of a portable device in a wider temperature range, obtained in a heat chamber on pavement samples differing in surface roughness are presented. In the heat chamber recorded a slight increase in the readings of the device with increasing temperature. In order to find out the cause of the contradictions in the summer of 2020, it is planned to continue research in the hot months in order to clarify the dependence of the readings of the device on temperature on real road surfaces with a low service life and characterized by the presence of free bitumen on its surface.

Keywords: road surface, temperature, roughness, the coefficient of friction, PPK-MADI device.

References

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10. Kuznetsov Yu. V. Patent RU 2601246 C1, 10.27.2016.

Abstract. 

The article examines the movement of the population, both by transport and on foot, which are associated with spent time. The calculation of the total time spent on the movement of passengers on the basis of the results of a practical study in Latakia province is presented, the answers of passengers to the questionnaire regarding the time spent on waiting for the rolling stock, the time spent on foot approaches to stopping points and from them the destination, time spent on transfers and movement in vehicles are analyzed. The authors propose to minimize the time wasted on the movement of passengers on the basis of reducing the time spent on door-to-door travel (from home to destination and in the opposite direction) using the proposed measures. The results of the study allowed us to construct histograms and the curves of the Poisson distribution for walking approaches, transfers, and movement in vehicles. Recommendations are given for the development of norms and rules that are harmonized with the standards of the Russian Federation and other countries.

Keywords: passenger travel time, quality of passenger transport, waiting time, walking time, vehicle travel time, SPSS program, Central trend measures (СTM). 

References

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Abstract. 

The article is devoted to the analysis of the existing directions of development of the transport industry, set out in the Transport strategy until 2030, as well as criteria for achieving these goals. The task was to analyze whether it will be possible for the Government to assess the implementation of the tasks set, whether there is an effective mechanism for collecting statistical information, through which it is planned to analyze the implementation of the Transport strategy. The existing mechanism for collecting statistical data, the algorithm for generating information in public authorities on international freight traffic, are reviewed, and the effectiveness of the collected data is analyzed for the completeness of their collection and reliability. The problems of the modern information and analytical base of the freight traffic management system are identified. The analysis of the implementation of the Transport strategy is based on open data provided by the Ministry of transport of the Russian Federation. New options for collecting statistical data in the context of digitalization are proposed, for example, using global navigation systems based on GLONASS.

Keywords: development strategy, statistical indicator, information sources, international road transportations, information and analytical base.

References

1. Rasporyazhenie Pravitel'stva Rossijskoj Federacii ot 22 noyabrya 2008 goda № 1734-r «Transportnaya strategiya Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2030 goda» (Decree of the Governor of the Russian Federation No. 1734-R of November 22, 2008 "transport strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030"), Moscow, 2008.
2. Vlasov V. M., Efimenko D. B., Bogumil V. N. Primenenie cifrovoj infrastruktury i telematicheskih sistem na gorodskom passazhirskom transporte, (Application of digital infrastructure and telematics systems in urban passenger transport), Moscow, INFRA-M, 2018, 352 p.
3. Vlasov V .M., Efimenko D. B., Bogumil V. N., Konin I. V. Otraslevye trebovaniya k proektirovaniyu i vnedreniyu sistem telematiki na avtomobil'nom transporte (Industry requirements for the design and implementation of telematics systems in road transport), Moscow, MADI, 2016, 100 p.
4. Efimenko D. B., Ledovskij A. A., Vestnik MADI, 2018, no. 2 (53), pp. 116–123.
5. Barabanova E. S, Filatov S. A., Vestnik MADI, 2019, no. 2 (57), pp. 107–111.
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Abstract. 

The article is devoted to the development of information support on international road transport in the interests of participants in foreign economic activity and state executive bodies. The sources of data on the transport process were analyzed. An electronic declaration for goods and an automated navigation system for the dispatch control of international road transport are proposed as the basis for the information support of the digital model of goods distribution. The article analyzes the sources of reliable data on the transport process, offers suggestions for using the list of data contained in the goods declaration. An algorithm is proposed for uploading electronic declaration of goods data and a method for integrating this data with the information of the coordinate-time navigation support of the transport process generated by navigation systems. The article discusses the main advantages of this approach while improving the quality of information support in the interests of state bodies and commercial organizations - participants of foreign economic activity.

Keywords: coordinate-time navigation support, electronic form for the declaration of goods, digital model of product distribution, international road transport.

References

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Abstract. 

Delivery of cargoes is an important part of the infrastructure of current society, which includes many important and complex processes. The main goal of this event is to deliver the whole goods on time. This is the main reason to pay much attention to the quality and safety of the process of cargo transportation. There is a need to develop new, modern and effective ideas that will provide the desired effect for both cargo owners and other participants in the transport process. The forwarder and (or) the carrier are responsible for the delivery and they, like the cargo owner, are interested in high-quality realization of delivery without harm and violation, which will require additional financial investments. General digitalization affects this industry, and electronic systems bring new opportunities for faster, more secure and efficient delivery of goods. Such systems are the subject of this article. Already existing modern technologies that provide control over the movement of cargo are considered. A new monitoring system is proposed, which relies on the monitoring of the condition and safety of the cargo along the route. This way can improve the quality of control. It will facilitate to a faster resolution of conflict situations, will open up new opportunities for the cargo owner. Also here is an economic assessment of the proposed system, considered in comparison with cargo insurance.

Keywords: delivery of cargoes, monitoring systems, tachographs, thermograms, electronic seals, video monitoring.

References 

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Abstract. 

Nowadays, mixed fuels with different contents of alcohol, water and carbon fuel are used more and more. It found that the greatest effect of the use of this type of fuel is achieved by injecting ethanol mixed with water into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. As a result of the study, a mathematical dependence of water dissociation on the quantitative composition of the air-fuel mixture was revealed. The use of computational coefficients of dissociation of water in mixed fuels will allow for optimal lean of the combustible mixture and as a result, fuel savings of up to 35% of the total.

Keywords: dissociation of water, fuel economy, ethanol.

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Abstract. 

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Abstract. 

The article considers the possibility of introducing zones with low emissions of pollutants as one of the tools of transport demand management to reduce emissions of pollutants into the air from road transport. Such zones are traffic management schemes aimed at restricting the entry of vehicles of low environmental classes on the territory of settlements, urban districts. Foreign experience of creation of zones with restriction of the entrance of vehicles of low ecological classes is analyzed and the assessment of possible influence of the specified zones on decrease in emissions of polluting substances is given. The main tools used in the framework of measures to manage transport demand, necessary to improve the environmental sustainability of transport systems. The analysis of the practice of introduction of zones with restriction of entry of vehicles of low ecological classes in foreign countries showed the important role of this event in the developed strategies for the management of transport demand. The estimation of possible ecological efficiency of introduction of a zone with low emissions in the center of Moscow is resulted. It is noted that Russia has a policy aimed at reducing emissions of pollutants and the formation of a sustainable transport system.

Keywords: transport demand management, sustainable transport, motor vehicle, low emission zone, ecological zone, emissions of pollutants into the air, particulate matter РМ10.

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Abstract. The article emphasizes the importance of improving the technical and organizational level and ensuring sustainable financial condition of the transport industry to ensure the competitiveness of Russia, the impact of transport services on the most important aspects of the state development, as well as the importance of accelerated introduction of digital technologies to improve the quality of transport services. The main problems of the transport industry, which in the first place include: insufficient investment in rolling stock and innovative projects, are revealed; the low level of financial and economic indicators of the transport industry; organizational, methodological and financial unavailability of many enterprises of the transport industry for the implementation of innovative projects, etc. Considered the possibility of resolving many of them using digital technologies in order to implement the adopted on this issue of legal acts, Programs and decrees of the President. The authors assess the main digital investment projects implemented in the transport industry in terms of their impact on the financial performance of enterprises. The importance of establishing a business risk management system based on the information base and using modern methods of data processing, forecasting, evaluation and analysis is emphasized. The possibilities and risks of using cryptocurrencies and technologies of the distributed register, allowing: to replace intermediaries between users of currencies; to reduce transaction costs; to provide simplicity, speed and safety of cash payments; to use online platforms for investment of temporarily free funds in financial market instruments, are revealed.

Keywords: enterprises of the transport industry, digital innovation projects, systems of transport processes, monitoring of financial condition, information and financial services, financial resources, financial indicators, digital financial assets, risk management.

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