«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 4(63), December 2020

Abstract.

The paper presents the results of diagnosing the condition of foreign-made diesel engines in ordinary exploitation, obtained using a computer device of domestic development "StarDiagnosis", which is equivalent in information and technological capabilities to similar branded models. The urgency of the problem is associated with the widespread use of diesel passenger cars and light commercial vehicles of foreign production in state and commercial motor transport enterprises of Russia, technical maintenance and current repair of which is significantly complicated during the post-warranty period due to the need to perform a significant part of these works at branded service stations. The main reason for such industrial cooperation is the lack of diagnostic tools in the motor transport enterprises, which allow both to prevent the occurrence of complex malfunctions and failures and to simplify the processes of organizing work and troubleshooting technologies. The lack of such diagnostic tools is due to the commercial policy of car manufacturers - they have strictly prohibited the transfer of any diagnostic devices to the motor transport enterprises and commercial service stations. Based on the results of testing the portable "StarDiagnosis" complex for complex diagnostics of Mercedes-Benz Sprinter ambulances, the expediency of its use was established to improve the environmental safety of vehicles while reducing the cost of maintenance and repair of particulate filters that affect the visible pollutants' indexes. The predominant performance of these works at branded service stations leads in practice to an additional increase in the number of serviceable reserve vehicles at the motor transport enterprises. The use of the main diagnostic parameter - the coefficient of filling of the particulate filter in % is recommended, and its maximum permissible value when checking in operation is justified - no more than 85 %. The simplified organization and technology of the regeneration process of the particulate filter in the conditions of the motor transport enterprises are recommended. 

Keywords: passenger cars and light commercial vehicles with diesel engines, particulate filters, engine diagnostics, technical maintenance, current repairs, regeneration of particulate filters.

References

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4. Lyandenburskij V. V., Rodionov Yu. V., Krivobok S. A. Avtotransportnoe predpriyatie, 2012, no. 11, pp. 45–48.
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Abstract.

Enterprises operating road-building equipment, in the course of their economic activities, strive to organize the repair of equipment in such a way as to achieve maximum performance while minimizing costs. To ensure these tasks, mobile truck-based mobile workshop are widely used when repair-ing road construction equipment operating at a distance from stationary repair bases. The use of such a repair shop eliminates the need to deliver faulty equip-ment to a stationary base, and this approach reduces the labor intensity, time and material costs. However, the purchase of a mobile workshop equipped by the manufacturer, as well as its re-equipment by the operating organization, also requires significant material and time costs. To reduce them, it is advisable to conduct an analysis of the equipment used in the repair of road construction equipment, with the aim of excluding the staffing of the mobile workshop with equipment that is not effectively used over time. The article deals with the issues of completing the mobile workshop for the repair of road construction equipment. Using the example of the crawler hydraulic excavator KRANEKS EC-270, the ABC and XYZ analysis of the equipment used for repairs was carried out, and the optimal configuration of the mobile workshop was determined. The required quantity and optimal characteristics are given for each selected equipment unit.

Keywords: mobile repair shop, ABC analysis, XYZ analysis, excavator, road construction machines.

Abstract. 

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13. Amati N., Festini A., Pelizza L., Tonoli A. Dynamic modelling and experimental validation of three wheeled tilting vehicles, Vehicle system dynamics, 2011, vol. 49, issue 6, pp. 889–914.
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Abstract. 

Dynamic stabilization systems are used to maintain the controllability, directional and trajectory stability of the vehicle during maneuvering at high speed or on slippery roads and are activated in situations involving possible skidding, demolition or tipping. The aim of this work is to improve the preventive properties of the dynamic stabilization system for heavy trucks, including special purpose vehicles, by sharing it with an active suspension. The authors compiled a classification of the functions of the active suspension. Improving ride smoothness when driving on bumps is most effectively achieved by a combined change in the elastic and damping properties of the suspension, and adjusting the position of the sprung masses using a pneumohydraulic elastic element is possible either by the mass of the gas or by the volume of the liquid. To counter the overturning moment, causing the roll of sprung masses, it is necessary to increase the stiffness of the elastic elements. The problem is the speed of the pneumatic active suspension. As the most effective way to implement a preventive system of dynamic stabilization on heavy multi-link road trains, the authors propose to increase the stiffness of the pneumatic elastic element by reducing the gas mass by turning off the additional sphere. In the initial state, the main and additional chambers are interconnected, and the initial gas volume is increased compared to the initial value, therefore, it is necessary to raise the initial pressure in order to maintain the optimal characteristics for the transportation of goods. The article describes a method for calculating the static and dynamic characteristics of a pneumatic elastic element in a rigid shell with an additional chamber for joint selection of the volume of the additional chamber and the initial pressure.

Keywords: special purpose vehicles; pneumohydraulic elastic element; active suspension; forecasting; electronic stability control; kneeling.

References

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Аннотация
В статье рассматривается вариант моделирования поведения водителя в системе «водитель – машина», оценивается влияние составляющих системы на управляемость машины и обосновывается необходимость упреждающих действий в связи с задержками в системе.

Ключевые слова:
динамическая модель, система «водитель – машина», психофизиологические характеристики водителя, система автоматического регулирования, моделирование поведения водителя.

Список литературы:

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Abstract. 

The presence of interchangeable working equipment of cyclic and continuous operation for the basic models of skid-steer loaders with an onboard turn determines the relevance of the research their resource and energy efficiency of operation, depending on their sizes, working conditions and the technology of the tasks performed. The analysis of the state of scientific work in the field of improving the skid-steer loader interchangeable equipment, taking into account the main directions of increasing their resource and energy efficiency of operation, determined the following research objective. To develop the design of interchangeable equipment based on the methodology and criteria developed by the authors in the form of a factor of increase (decrease) in technical and operational parameters taking into account the cost of the structure in order to increase traction. The technique is based on the methods of classical mechanics and the dimensionless criterion for the relationship of the main structural and energy parameters of a skid-steer loader with an onboard turn. The design of interchangeable working equipment has been developed to increase the resource and energy efficiency of operating an aggregated machine due to the rational redistribution of its mass. Based on the results of a computational experiment, rational technical and operational and mass-dimensional parameters of the developed design of interchangeable working equipment for the basic model of the loader are determined. And also, a methodology has been proposed for optimizing these parameters, by a complex criterion for varying operating conditions. The practical significance of the research is to increase the resource and energy efficiency of a loader equipped with equipment for horizontal hole puncture, by increasing traction.

Keywords: skid-steer loader, interchangeable equipment, resource and energy efficiency operation, evaluation criterion, operational mass.

References

1. Minin V. V. Koncepcija povyshenija jeffektivnosti universal'nyh malogabaritnyh pogruzchikov (The concept of increasing the efficiency of skid-steer loaders), Krasnoyarsk, SFU, 2012, 302 p.
2. Balovnev V. I., Dvorkovoj V. Ja., Danilov R. G. Stroitel'nye i dorozhnye mashiny, 2015, no. 7, pp. 35–38.  
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4. Hui S., Junqing J. Research on the system configuration and energy control strategy for parallel hydraulic hybrid loader, Automation in Construction, 2010, vol. 19, pp. 213–220. 
5. Minav T., Laurila L., Pyrhonen J. Energy recovery efficiency comparison in an electro-hydraulic forklift and in a disel hybrid heavy forwarder, International symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, SPEEDAM 2010 - International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, Pisa, Italy, 2010, pp. 574–579.
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12. Shhitov S. V., Kuznecov E. E., Polikutina E. S. Dostizhenija nauki i tehniki APK, 2015, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 95–98.
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14. Hafizov K. A., Hafizov R. N., Nurmiev A. A., Galiev I. G. Vestnik Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2019, no. 3, pp. 116–121.

Abstract.  

Based on an in-depth analysis of patent literature (40 years), the article identifies the main areas of assessment and ways to control wind loads on structures, including crane structures, which will allow to develop a strategy to ensure the stability of crane structures in the action of wind. Assessment methods and ways to deal with wind loads depend on the nature of the outrageous impact of wind. They can be conventionally divided: on experimental methods of assessing wind impact taking into account aerodynamic features of structures and directly on ways to control wind loads. In the latter case, the automation of structural control, constructive decision-making solutions and physical effects were allocated to separate groups for this purpose. The largest group is the first and second direction. The pros and cons of the selected methods and methods of combating wind loads are revealed.

Keywords: Patent analysis, methods, manner, struggle, wind loads, constructions of the cranes, construction facilities. 

References

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Abstract. 

The article provides information about approaches to managing the operational and technical condition of airfields pavements, about risk factors for collapse of coatings, as well as the composition and progress of assessing the condition of coatings. Two concepts of managing the state of coatings are proposed - classic and progressive, the implementation of which is aimed at ensuring safety, reliability and durability. Two options for the development and modernization of the airfield network, provided for in the technical respect by state programs, are given, such as: the construction of new airfields and airport complexes or the reconstruction of existing facilities. The use of strategic planning in the management of the operational and technical state of airfield pavements makes it possible to increase their durability and ensure safe operation during the entire service life of such structures. The necessity of effective management of the state of airfield pavements during the period of their life cycle from the moment of construction to reconstruction is described, since this is the task of the operational maintenance and management of airfield activities.

Keywords: airfield, runway strip, wear, construction, reconstruction, monitoring, strategy.

References

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Abstract. 

The article is devoted to the actual topic of designing cable lines of the airport lighting equipment system in real operation. The safety of aircraft operation largely depends on the reliable operation of all elements of the airfield, including cable lines. There are two ways of cable lines arrangement – traditional – with the use of cable protection pipes and innovative – with the use of closed channels. The work of a fragment of a cable channel under the influence of the load from the wheels of an aircraft of the design type is considered. The calculated dependences for determining the vertical precipitation, horizontal displacement, and angle of rotation of the channel fragment in the range of changes in the compressibility characteristics of soil are given. Recommendations are given for the design of protective channel cage to ensure the necessary strength and stability of the channel. The issue of organizing the collection and removal of water that penetrates into channel from outside is considered. A special space is provided in the cable channel to ensure the transport and subsequent discharge of water to the drainage network, which is another innovative solution in the practice of designing cable channels. Dependencies for calculation the geometric dimensions of the additional space are shown.

Keywords: cable lines, lighting equipment, cable protection pipes, closed cable protecting channels, vertical draft, horizontal offset, rotation angle, strength and stability, water collection and discharge, throughput.

References

1. Aerodromy, SP 121.13330.2012 (Aerodromes, Set of Rules 121.13330.2012), Moscow, Standartinform, 2019, 98 p.

Abstract. 

The article presents the results of computational and analytical studies of the stress-deformed state of reinforced concrete beams of span structures of bridges with corrosion damage. The difficulties of performing "manual" verification calculations of the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures with various defects and damages. A method of computational and analytical studies of the stress-deformed state of corrosively damaged bendable reinforced concrete structures modeled from volumetric and rod finite elements (FE) has been developed in the LIRA-SAPR software package in a nonlinear setting: the basic principles of creating a FE-model of the calculated beam are described and substantiated (without taking into account damage), the value is determined and the method of applying the test load is determined, the method for modeling the corrosion damage of concrete and reinforcement is described and justified. As a result of three series of calculations, the degree of influence on the parameters of the stress-strain state of the beam (the level of stresses in the reinforcing bars, deflections) of the presence of ribs and meshes in the flange of the beam in the reinforcement section of the reinforcement, both without taking into account and taking into account the corrosion damage of concrete, as well as the degree of influence on the analyzed parameters of corrosion damage of longitudinal reinforcing bars. On the basis of the complex of computational and analytical studies performed, conclusions were developed on the problems under consideration.

Keywords: reinforced concrete structures, mechanical safety, non-bearing capacity, stress-deformed state, corrosion damage.

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Abstract. 

The article tells about the history of creating climate installations and directly about the history of providing climate in vehicles. The issue of providing climate in the cabins and habitable compartments of cars, For all its apparent simplicity, in practice is fraught with many complex and difficult to solve engineering problems, especially with regard to providing climate at high temperatures. When designing systems that provide coolness in apartments, offices and industrial buildings, the design engineer is not limited to the volume of units or power supply, vibration and shock effects may also not be taken into account. As for a car or other wheeled or tracked vehicle, ensuring an acceptable climate in it is a compromise that takes into account many natural and technical factors. Constant exposure to direct solar radiation, a large area of circular glazing, a small volume of the cabin and engine compartment to accommodate air conditioning units, all this makes it much more difficult to ensure the climate in the vehicle. All the same time the measured real temperatures in the cabin show their strong excess relative to the permissible norms. The measured humidity values in different areas of the cabin look more optimistic. Previously, theorists believed that if the driver and passengers are in a habitable compartment, humidity immediately increases, preventing the driver and passengers from enduring high temperatures. Studies conducted by the author on various modes of movement of the car showed that the humidity in the cabin is less than expected and with a well-functioning ventilation system is not able to negatively affect the condition of the driver and passengers. In the habitable compartment, environmental hazards may be caused by air conditioning systems used, in the air ducts of which sapronous infections can form that can cause acute respiratory diseases and bronchopulmonary diseases in the driver and passengers. Dust that penetrates through the cabin leaks also carries an environmental hazard for the driver and passengers.

Keyword: climate control, air conditioning, temperature, humidity, cabin.

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Abstract.

The problems of public transport in many countries are largely similar are determined by four main factors that influence the process of passenger transportation: the size of the urban population, the level of organization and management of public transport, the level of labor activity in the central territories, and the level of economic and spatial segregation. However, in cities with uncomfortable living conditions there is another important factor – climatic. Millions of people live in these conditions in large settlements of Western and Eastern Siberia. In accordance with the principles worked out in many countries of the world, special attention is paid to comfortable trips and the passengers waiting time in pavilions that allow people to feel comfortable under any environmental conditions. These pavilions should be equipped with modern telematics information facilities.

Keywords: public transport, telematics, bus rapid transit, climatic factors, ride comfort, bus stop pavilions.

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Abstract.  

The presence of services different in terms of functional load determines the structure of the management system of a passenger motor transport enterprise, which includes three units: operational, technical and economic. The effective functioning of a passenger motor transport enterprise services ultimately depends on the speed and correctness of management decisions in the structure space of the a passenger motor transport enterprise management system. The complexity of making management decisions is dictated by the requirements of taking into account numerous factors of macro- and microeconomics. In this regard, the use of modern decision support systems makes it possible to implement the principle of «What needs to be done to...» The article discusses mathematical modeling of passenger transport enterprise processes in order to support management decisions for efficient passenger transport planning. Method and algorithm of structural identification of prognostic models of processes of a passenger motor transport enterprise system based on Group Method of Data Handling of self-organization theory are given.

Keywords: mathematical modeling, identification, criterion, management, optimization.

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Abstract. 

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Keywords: forecasting, travel demand, travel mode, disaggregate models, travel behavior. 

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Abstract. The article emphasizes the importance of improving the technical and organizational level and ensuring sustainable financial condition of the transport industry to ensure the competitiveness of Russia, the impact of transport services on the most important aspects of the state development, as well as the importance of accelerated introduction of digital technologies to improve the quality of transport services. The main problems of the transport industry, which in the first place include: insufficient investment in rolling stock and innovative projects, are revealed; the low level of financial and economic indicators of the transport industry; organizational, methodological and financial unavailability of many enterprises of the transport industry for the implementation of innovative projects, etc. Considered the possibility of resolving many of them using digital technologies in order to implement the adopted on this issue of legal acts, Programs and decrees of the President. The authors assess the main digital investment projects implemented in the transport industry in terms of their impact on the financial performance of enterprises. The importance of establishing a business risk management system based on the information base and using modern methods of data processing, forecasting, evaluation and analysis is emphasized. The possibilities and risks of using cryptocurrencies and technologies of the distributed register, allowing: to replace intermediaries between users of currencies; to reduce transaction costs; to provide simplicity, speed and safety of cash payments; to use online platforms for investment of temporarily free funds in financial market instruments, are revealed.

Keywords: enterprises of the transport industry, digital innovation projects, systems of transport processes, monitoring of financial condition, information and financial services, financial resources, financial indicators, digital financial assets, risk management.

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