«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 2(69), April 2022

Abstract

This paper discusses the statistical methods used in the analysis of determining the labor intensity of repairs of ground transport and technological facilities. In particular, in the course of the study, the authors considered the least squares method proposed by Gauss and Lengandre and later substan-tiated by Makarov and Kolmogorov, who established clear boundaries. Next, a sample of 60 vehi-cles was taken and their average repair time based on 3 failures, later the average values and the absolute error were calculated. An increase in the average repair time and an increase in the abso-lute error were found with an increase in the serial number of the vehicle repair. A corresponding graph of changes in indicators has been constructed, which clearly demonstrates the changes. Cal-culations were carried out with a confidence level of 95% according to Student's distribution tables. This made it possible to visually see an increase in the average repair time and errors due to an in-crease in operating time.

Keywords:: ecology, statistics, exhaust gases, ground transport and technological means (GTTM).

References

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7. U Da. Nekotorye zadachi teorii veroyatnostey i ma-tematicheskoy statistiki, svyazannye s raspre-delenyem Stiudenta (Some Problems of Probabil-ity Theory and Mathematical Statistics Related to Student's Distribution), Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, MSU, 2004, 21 p. 
8. Fazilov Sh.H. Mamatov N.S. Problemy vichiskitelnoy i prikladnoy matematiki, 2017, no. 4(10), pp. 110-118.

Abstract

The article defines the problem of implementing a set of measures to improve the procedure for en-suring, planning the need and tracking the supply of spare parts (SP) by the distributor to the dealer service station line. The main regularities of the distribution of failures of elements (spare parts) that limit the reliability of vehicles are considered. The graphical dependences of the differential distribu-tion functions of the developments for the selected elements limiting the reliability of the vehicles are obtained. The obtained graphical dependencies (results) were used to implement a model for optimizing the operation of a service station dealer network in the area of business activity. The reli-ability indicators of the elements were evaluated separately for failures and malfunctions for AUDI family cars. The possibility of using asymptotic dependencies of the leading function of the failure flow is considered. The number of failures on the mileage interval for the leading function of the failure flow of the elements of the vehicles was determined, and based on the data obtained, graphs of the leading functions of the failure flow were constructed. The calculation of the power rating of the distribution system interacting with the network of dealer service stations was made. The distribution of the passenger transport sales market and the forecast of the required capacity of the dealer network in the Moscow region, St. Petersburg, as well as other subjects of the Russian Federation are analyzed.

Keywords: spare parts, vehicles, reliability of elements, sales markets.

Abstract

Abstract. This article is devoted to the methodology for determining the main coefficients of the mathematical model of A.B. Dick based on the results of processing the oscillogram of an experimental study of the process of wheel braking on the running drum of the stand. The article provides an analysis of existing mathematical models that allow describing the process of functioning of a wheel with an elastic tire. As a result of the comparison, the versatility and ease of application of the mathematical model of the tire developed by A.B. Dick was confirmed. The necessity of a mathematical description of tire characteristics in operating conditions, when the condition of a worn tire and its properties differ from similar indicators of a new tire, is substantiated. The article presents a method for pro-cessing an experimental study of the process of braking a wheel with an elastic tire on a running drum of a stand in order to obtain coefficients for a mathematical description of the characteristics of the tire's longitudinal grip in the model of A.B. Dick. The comparison of the results of calculation and experiment presented in the article shows that the mathematical model of A.B. Dick's tire quite adequately describes the characteristics of longitudinal grip of the tire with the supporting surface. At the same time, to implement the calculation according to the model of A.B. Dick, it is necessary and sufficient to have only three empirical coefficients that have a strict physical meaning, which are easy to obtain experimentally.

Keywords: tire, longitudinal grip characteristics, braking force, wheel angular velocity, slippage, oscillogram, wheel braking process, coefficients, A.B. Dick tire model.

References:

1. Fedotov A.I., Vlasov V.G., Yankov O.S. Vestnik Ir-kutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo uni-versiteta, 2017, vol. 21, no. 6(125), pp. 159-172. 
2. Boyko A.V., Yankov O.S., Markov A.S. Aviamashi-nostroenie i transport Sibiri, Sbornik statei, Irkutsk, IRNITU, 2016, pp. 88-96. 
3. Markov A.S., Yankov O.S., Boyko A.V. Materialy 99-j Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-tekhnicheskoj konfer-encii "Bezopasnost' kolesnyh transportnyh sredstv v usloviyah ekspluatacii", Irkutsk, IRNITU, 2017, pp. 478-485. 
4. Gergenov S.M., Korchagin V.A., Darkhanov Zh.V. Polzunovskij al'manah, 2015, no. 2, pp. 91-95. 
5. Boyko A.V., Raspopina V.B. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2014, no. 10 (93), pp. 168-173. 
6. Markov A.S. Materialy 106-j Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-tekhnicheskoj konferencii "Bezopasnost' kolyosnyh transportnyh sredstv v usloviyah ek-spluatacii", Irkutsk, IRNITU, 2019, pp. 298-307. 
7. Markov A.S., Vinokurov V.V. Nazemnye transportno-tekhnologicheskie sredstva: proek-tirovanie, proizvodstvo, ekspluataciya, Sbornik statei, Chita, ZabGU, 2018, pp. 220-225. 
8. Yankov O.S., Markov A.S. Materialy I Vserossijskoj zaochnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii "Nazemnye transportno-tekhnologicheskie sredstva: proektirovanie, proizvodstvo, eksplu-ataciya", Chita, ZabGU, 2016, pp. 245-257. 
9. Boyko A.V., Yankov O.S., Markov A.S., Kuznetsov N.Y. Avtomobil' dlya Sibiri i Krajnego Severa: kon-strukciya, eksplua-taciya, ekonomika, Sbornik statei, Irkutsk, IRNITU, 2015, pp. 115-123.

Abstract

Over the past decade, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has undergone significant transformations in the economic sphere and the gross domestic product has been consistently in the range of 5-7 % per year. Along with a significant increase in the population and improvement in its well-being, the growing need for transportation however, in recent years, the passenger taxi business has flour-ished. Based on the analysis of statistical information, the article describes the state of providing the population with taxi transportation in Hanoi, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV). The structure of taxi companies, the age structure of the rolling stock, the current organization of work to main-tain the efficiency of taxi cars, the ways of reasonable ordering of maintenance work and current repair with rational parameters are considered. The methodological prerequisites for optimizing the modes of maintenance and repair of taxi cars based on minimizing the costs of maintaining their performance while performing the required volumes of passenger traffic are outlined. A preliminary collection of statistical data on failures of the main components and assemblies of vehicles was car-ried out. operated in the tropics.

Keywords: taxi transportation, Vietnam, organization of maintenance and current repairs, age structure of the taxi fleet, technical condition of the car, failures, components, assemblies, systems.

References:

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2. Zhivov S.V. Razrabotka metodiki optimizacii peri-odichnosti tehnicheskogo obsluzhivanija legkovyh avtomobilej-taksi (Development of a methodology for optimizing the frequency of maintenance of cars-taxi), Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, MADI, 2007, 164 р. 
3. Knjaz'kov A.N. Razrabotka metodiki avtomatiziro-vannogo proektirovanija normativov sistemy tehnicheskogo obsluzhivanija i remonta avtomo-bilej (Development of a methodology for auto-mated design of standards for the system of maintenance and repair of vehicles), Doctor’s thesis, Tyumen, Tjumenskij gosudarstvennyj neftegazovyj university, 2004, 239 р. 
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10. Thai H.Tr., Rementsov A.N., Egorov V.A. Eksplu-atacija avtomobil'nogo transporta, Sbornik statei, Moscow, MADI, 2022, pp. 196-201

Abstract

The article is devoted to the issues of thermal preparation of the hydraulic drive of the working body of a hydraulic shovel excavator operated at low ambient temperatures, and factors that reduce the efficiency of the hydraulic drive. The main problems of thermal preparation of the excavator hydrau-lic drive, advantages and disadvantages of known methods of thermal preparation are considered. Attention is paid to energy sources that can be used for thermal preparation of excavators. The pos-sibility of using the waste heat of the exhaust gases of a diesel internal combustion engine is con-sidered. The heat balance of the internal combustion engine of a hydraulic single-bucket excavator is analyzed. As the main method of heating the working fluid, heat exchange with the exhaust gas-es of the internal combustion engine in the additional volume of the exchanger of the hydraulic tank of a single-bucket excavator is proposed. The conducted experiments of such heating are de-scribed, and graphs of the dependence of the temperature of the working fluid on the heating time for the modified and control hydraulic systems are given. The main results of the experiment are given, as well as the statistical characteristics obtained during the experiments.

Keywords: single-bucket excavator, heat recovery, hydraulic drive of the working body, heat treatment, work-ing fluid, excavator efficiency.

References:

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Abstract:

The development of the modern Kazakhstan economy and some other countries is largely based on the extraction and sale of hydrocarbon raw materials and its derivative products in the external and internal markets. This circumstance stimulates the growth of annual volumes of oil and gas produc-tion. In the development of oil and gas production technology, a decisive role is played by the in-crease in the technical level of equipment used in fields and drilling enterprises. The wedge column equipment is operated in sharply continental climatic conditions. In the process of pumping oil, the ram segments are subjected to high contact stresses and impact fatigue wear. For the scientific study of the chemical-thermal hardening of a die made of low-carbon alloy steel 20X GOST 33260-2015, the strapping of wedge columns, and an experimental installation for electrolytic-plasma hardening is developed. The dependence of the current-voltage characteristic of high-speed heating of a part on the temperature of the ionized electrolyte plasma is described. The heat transfer processes of heating and hardening in the electrolyte is described by a mathematical model, and a regression formula is derived. The main parameters of electrolytic-plasma hardening are determined, and op-timal processing modes are derived. The results of microhardness measurements indicate an in-crease in hardness relative to the initial state. Raster elemental analysis indicates surface modifica-tion of the hardened layer of low-carbon alloy steel by carbon.

Keywords: installation of electrolytic-plasma hardening, local hardening, microhardness, elemental analysis.

References:

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Abstract:

In the XX and at the beginning of the XXI century a large number of studies in the field of automo-bile motion theory have been published. At the same time, much less research had been done in the field of compact narrow tilting vehicle motion (NTV). NTVs were developed mainly to solve the prob-lems of conventional vehicles. The most important problem of NTVs, is the resistance to rollover. One of the suggested solutions to prevent tipping, is to use NTVs that actively tilt toward the center of the turn, that is, designing NTVs with an active roll system, such NTVs can tilt on a curve like mo-torcycles during a turn, and their resistance to tipping can be greatly improved, as well as improved passenger comfort. However, problems have arisen in the design of the tilt control system in deter-mining the desired tilt angle in real time and in minimizing the torque requirements of the tilt actua-tor. Minimizing torque requirements requires synchronizing the tilt and steering of the vehicle as much as possible. Therefore, the development of such tilt systems is critical in the narrow NTVs de-signs. Within the framework of this paper, a model has been developed which is a new mathemati-cal model for modeling and calculating parameters of various types of active roll control systems with tilt mechanisms, which will allow, with high accuracy, designing a roll control system for any type of NTVs.

Keywords: safety, lateral stability, active roll, feedback linearization, compact car, direct tilt control.

References:

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Abstract:

The article considers the possibility of implementing energy-accumulative braking of vehicles on the example of an overhead crane trolley with a load attached to a suspension. The designed system brakes the crane trolley down to a standstill, the process is controlled by the drive motor current. The kinetic energy of the decelerating body is stored in the flywheel accumulator connected to the driv-ing mechanism by means of a differential planetary reduction gear. The developed mathematical model allowed us to analyze the dynamics of accumulative braking. We determined the parameters of the crane trolley, the transported cargo, the braking conditions affecting the braking time, the magnitude of the transported load deviation from the attachment point, and the amount of energy accumulated in the flywheel. The classification of factors influencing the braking conditions was proposed. We used the mathematical model to study the effect of various parameters of the travel mechanism, energy accumulator, and load transportation conditions on the braking efficiency. The dependences of the influence of various factors on the amount of energy accumulated in the pro-cess of braking were determined. Establishing the degree of influence of each of the parameters un-der consideration and conducting a regression analysis will make it possible to develop recommen-dations for the design of energy storage systems for drives of hoisting and transport machines and thereby reduce energy costs during their operation.

Keywords: braking systems, accumulative braking, energy accumulator, braking parameters.

References:

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12. Gerbst V. A. Izvestiya VUZov. Mashinostroenie, 1968, no. 8, pp. 148-154.

Abstract:

The article shows the created system of suspended effective-rotary labor equipment in order to de-stroy the white-cold formations. There was invented a mechanic-precise form of ice chipping, allow-ing to improve the system of ice-chipping cars with the aim of increasing its performance by adjust-ing the line and choosing its optimal mechanical-geometric data. The significance of the activity is also the predicted social result is substantiated by the prospect of a decrease in the number of acci-dents and winter injuries in the roads of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a decrease in the size of ex-haust gas emissions in Kazakhstani routes, provided by the latest labor equipment for the purpose of winter finding tracks and sidewalks. The results given in this article were obtained by the depart-ments of "Road-building machines" of MADI and VKTU during the implementation of the joint pro-ject No. AR09260192 "Development of innovative milling-rotary snow-cleaning working equipment with increased work efficiency", funded by the KN of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Keywords: rotary snowplow, snow and ice formations, ice chipping, impact, efficiency.

References:

1. Abramov L.N., Kustarev G.V., Dudkin M.V., Moldakhanov B.A., Andryukhov N.M. Stroitel'nye i dorozhnye mashiny, 2021, no. 8, pp. 18-22. 
2. Mlynczak M., Kustarev G., Andryukhov N. Theoret-ical studies and conditions analysis of the inertial slider slippage of asymmetric planetary vibration exciter for snowplow, Bulletin of D. Serikbayev EKTU, 2021, vol. 3, pp. 63-78. 
3. Warwick K. Beyond Industrial Policy: Emerging Issues and New Trends, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, 2013, no. 2, 56 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k4869clw0xp-en. 
4. Golendukhin А. M. Sovremennaya nauka i ee resursnoe obespechenie: innovacionnaya para-digm, Sbornik statei, Petrozavodsk, Mezhdu-narodnyj centr nauchnogo partnerstva «Novaya Nauka», 2020, pp. 81-84. 
5. Pozynich E.K., Pozynich K.P., Eunap R.A. Mekhaniki XXI veku, 2015, no. 14, pp. 297-302. 
6. Mandrovskij K.P. Vestnik MADI, 2016, no. 1(44), pp. 26-33. 
7. Balovnev V.I., Danilov R.G., Seliverstov N.D. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2018, no. 2(84), pp. 38-41 
8. Morozov R.V. Mir nauki, 2014, no. 4, p. 29. 
9. Boldyreva Ya.I., Samodurova T.V. Nauchnaya opora Voronezhskoj oblasti, sbornik trudov, Voronezh, Izdatel'stvo FGBOU VO «Voronezhskij gosudar-stvennyj tekhnicheskij universitet», 2019, pp. 216-218. 
10. Sosenkina I.M., Tikhonov V.S. Mir dorog, 2020, no. 129-130, pp. 68-69.

Abstract:

The position of a parked car on the shoulder of the road is one of the main reasons for changing the trajectory of passing vehicles in the rightmost lane. Changing the distance of a standing car from the edge of the carriageway has a significant impact on changing the trajectory of cars. For an accurate assessment of the displacement of the trajectory of movement, the author conducted research on a section of the road of the first technical category in the Moscow region. On the basis of the obtained research results, analytical dependences of the gap size on the position of the vehicle-interference on the roadside for cars and trucks were established. At a distance of a standing car up to 0.75 m from the edge of the carriageway, its significant obvious influence on the change in the trajectory of mov-ing cars was noted.

Keywords: trajectory of movement, road shoulder, clearance size, position of a standing car on the side of the road, shoulder width.

References:

1. Pospelov P.I., Azizov K.Kh., Urakov A.KH. Dorozh-nyye usloviya i bezopasnost' dvizheniya (Road conditions and traffic safety), Tashkent, TIPSEAD, 2018, 208 p. 
2. Avtomobil'nye dorogi, SP 34.13330.2021 (Auto-mobile roads, Set of rules, 34.13330.2021), Mos-cow, Minstroy Russia, 2021, 94 p. 
3. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po poryadku provedeniya ocenki urovnya soderzhaniya avto-mobil'nyh dorog obshchego pol'zovaniya feder-al'nogo znacheniya (dlya opytnogo primeneniya), ODM 218.11.004-2020 (Methodological recom-mendations on the procedure for assessing the level of maintenance of public highways of feder-al importance (for experimental use), Industry Road Methodological Document 218.11.004-2020), Moscow, Rosavtodor (Federal Road Agen-cy), 2020, 241 p. 
4. Vasil'yev A.P., Zhustareva Ye.V., Bochkarev V.I. Obosnovaniye shiriny obochin i tipa ukrepleniya na avtomobil'nykh dorogakh (Justification of the width of the shoulders and the type of reinforce-ment on the roads), Moscow, Informavtodor, 2008, 92 p. 
5. Pugachev I.N. Organizatsiya i bezopasnost' dvizheniya (Organization and traffic safety), Kha-barovsk, HGTU, 2004, 232 p. 
6. Geometricheskiye elementy avtomobil'nykh dorog, GOST R 52399-2005 (Geometric elements of highways, State Standart R 52399-2005), Moscow, Standartinform, 2006, 8 p. 
7. Fedotov G.A., Pospelov P.I. Izyskaniya i proyektiro-vaniye avtomobil'nykh dorog (Research and de-sign of highways), Moscow, Vysshaya shkola, 2009, 646 p. 
8. Kostsov A.V. Proyektirovaniye gorodskikh magis-tral'nykh ulits s uchetom prioritetnogo dvizheniya nazemnogo obshchestvennogo transporta po obosoblennym polosam (Designing urban main streets, taking into account the priority movement of ground public transport along separate lanes), Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, MADI, 190 p. 
9. Budzyński M., Gobis A., Jamroz K., Jelinski L., Os-trowski K. Road Restraint Systems as a Basis for Roadside Safety Improvement, IOP Conference Se-ries: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, vol. 471(6), art. no. 062029. 
10. Wolhuter K.M. Geometric Design of Roads Hand-book, London, CRC Press, 2017, 626 p. 
11. Tekhnicheskiy pasport izdeliya, available at: https://cdn.sick.com/ (16.03.2021)

Abstract:

The article describes the results of scientific work of MADI scientists on the use of thermal stabilizers on roads. In conditions of seasonal freezing of permafrost soils, the use of thermal stabilizers in transport infrastructure (highways, bridges, railways, airport runways) leads to an increase in the operational reliability of structures. Frozen and non-frozen soils differ in their mechanical properties (due to different ice content) depending on the temperature regime. At low temperatures, the soil is characterized by increased strength and low water permeability compared to thawed soils. Within the same construction site, soils can be in different states (solid state, viscous state, etc.) and demonstrate different mechanical and thermal properties. To reduce the average annual tempera-ture of the soil, thermal stabilizers are used, which allow to reduce the temperature of the soil around them by 1-5°С. Piles of road structures with thermal stabilizers inside them allow obtaining guaranteed results in ensuring the required bearing capacity of the structure.

Keywords: permafrost, frozen soils, soil ice content, soil moisture, vapor-liquid thermal stabilizer.

References:

1. 1. Shiklomanov N.I., Streletskiy D.A., Swales T.B., Ko-korev V.A. Climate Change and Stability of Urban Infrastructure in Russian Permafrost Regions: Prognostic Assessment based on GCM Climate Projections, Geographical Review, 2017, vol. 107(1), pp. 125-142. 
2. Elesin M.A. Nauchnyj vestnik Arktiki, 2019, no. 7, pp. 16-21. 
3. Shlojdo G.A. Opredelenie soprotivlyaemosti merzlyh gruntov razrusheniyu (Determination of the resistance of frozen soils to destruction), Doc-tor’s thesis, Moscow, MADI, 1966, 240 p. 
4. Richardson P. Tough Alaska conditions prove new pile design’s versatility, Alaska Construction and Oil, 1979, Feb., pp. 20–28. 
5. Wu J., Ma W., Sun Z., Wen Z. In-situ study on cool-ing effect of the two-phase closed thermosyphon and insulation combinational embankment of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2010, vol. 60(3), pp. 234–244. 
6. Péwé T.I., Paige R.A. Frost Heaving of Piles Whit an Example From, Fairbanks, Alaska, Geological Sur-vey Bulletin 1111-1, Washington, United States Government Printing Office, 1963, pp. 333–403. 
7. Wagner A.M., Yarmak E. Demonstration of an Arti-ficial Frozen Barrier: Installation Report, Washing-ton, Army Corps of Engineers, 2012, 37 p. 
8. Griffin R.G. Highway Bridge Deicing Using Passive Heat Sources, Colorado, Colorado Department of Highways, 1982, 71 p. 
9. Rudolf Ju. Thermosiphon Loops for Heat Extraction from the Ground, Stockholm, KTH School of Indus-trial Engineering and Management, 2008, 65 p. 
10. Wagner A.M. Creation of an artificial frozen barri-er using hybrid thermosyphons, Cold Regions Sci-ence and Technology, 2013, vol. 96, pp. 108-116. 
11. Badache M., Aidoun Z., Eslami-Nejad P., Blessent D. Ground-Coupled Natural Circulating Devices (Thermosiphons): A Review of Modeling, Experi-mental and Development Studies, Inventions, 2019, vol. 4(1), art. no. 14. 
12. Shatilov I.S., Shibasov G.V., Litvinchuk A.S. Ecologi-cal features of establishment and operation of road structures in the conditions of permafrost, European Journal of Natural History, 2021, vol. 6, pp. 76-81. 
13. Trofimenko Yu.V., Yakubovich A.N. Ekologiya i promyshlennost' Rossii, 2019, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 55-61. 
14. Mu Y., Li G., Yu Q., Ma W., Wang D., Wang F. Nu-merical study of long-term cooling effects of thermosyphons around tower footings in perma-frost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission Line, Cold Regions Science and Tech-nology, 2016, vol. 121, pp. 237–249. 
15. Song Y., Jin L., Zhang J. In-situ study on cooling characteristics of two-phase closed thermosy-phon embankment of Qinghai–Tibet Highway in permafrost regions, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2013, vol. 93, pp. 12-19.

Abstract:

Keywords: дорожная одежда, верхний слой, основание, транспортный поток, циклическое нагруже-ние, напряжение, максимальная деформация, деформация упругого последействия.

References:

1. Ilina O.N., Konovalov N.V. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitelnogo uni-versiteta, 2013, no. 2(24), pp. 295-300. 
2. Kovalev Y.N., Savukha A.V., Girinskiy V.V. Nauka i tekhnika, 2021, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 449-454. 
3. Aleksandrov A.S. Stroitelnyye materialy, 2016, no. 5, pp. 27-30. 
4. Moiseyenko R.P., Pushkareva G.V., Akimov B.G., Steshenko A.O. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstven-nogo arkhitekturno-stroitelnogo universiteta, 2017, no. 6, pp. 220-226. 
5. Leonovich I.I., Lashchenko A.P. Trudy BGTU. Le-snaya i derevoobrabayvayushchaya promyshlen-nost, 2016, no. 2(184), pp. 105-108. 
6. Rekomendatsii po opredeleniyu parametrov raschetnykh nagruzok dlya sovremennykh transportnykh sredstv, ODM 218.2.062-2015 (Recommendations for determining the parame-ters of design loads for modern transport, Branch Road Methodical document 218.2.062-2015), Moscow, Federalnoye dorozhnoye agentstvo (ROSAVTODOR), 2015, 36 p. 
7. Akulov V.V. Vestnik evraziyskoy nauki, 2012, no. 4(13), p. 141. 
8. Maystrenko I.Y., Zinnurov T.A., Sultangirova A.A., Maystrenko T.I. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudar-stvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitelnogo universiteta, 2018, no. 1(43), pp. 249-259. 
9. Uglova E.V., Konoreva O.V., Konorev A.S., Gulya-zhinov A.B. Inzhenernyy vestnik Dona, 2018, no. 1(48), p. 157. 
10. Eganyan G.V. Molodoy issledovatel Dona, 2018, no. 1(10), pp. 18-22.

Abstract:

The article specifies the concept of maintainability of cement concrete slabs, considers ways to re-move damaged cement concrete and their impact on the adjacent surface of the slabs. The urgency of the problems of destruction adjacent to the repaired concrete is substantiated. The nature of shock-wave and vibration effects on cement concrete is described. The requirements of the German standard ZTV BEB-STB for the current maintenance and reconstruction of concrete coatings during the removal of damaged concrete and the experience of similar work in Russia by the enterprises of the IRMAST group are analyzed. On the basis of the classical theory of destruction, the subsequent development of damage to the edge zone around the previously repaired sections of concrete is jus-tified. The influence of reinforcement in concrete on the destructive effect during the propagation of shock waves is analyzed. Based on the theory of shock-wave action by calculating the wave reflec-tion coefficient, the effectiveness of using damping gaskets made of various materials to minimize the effects of impact mechanisms on adjacent concrete is shown. Practical recommendations for the installation of gaskets are given. As an additional measure, based on the research conducted by the authors in 2020-21 on the basis of the Malinovsky Precast Concrete Plant, recommendations are given on the use of protective impregnations of adjacent concrete using the most effective composi-tions. The solutions proposed by the authors for the installation of damping gaskets and the im-plementation of protective impregnations of adjacent concrete zones have been approved by Aero-project Research Institute for use at Sheremetyevo airport.

Keywords: cement concrete coatings, maintainability, shock-wave effect on concrete, wave reflection coeffi-cient, damping pads.

References:

1. Belov N.N., Dzyuba P.V., Kabantsev O.V., Kopanitsa D.G., Yugov A.A., Yugov N.T. Mathematical model-ing of the processes of dynamic destruction of concrete, Mechanics of Solids, 2008, vol. 43, no.2, pp. 269-276. 
2. Yugov A.A. Deformirovanie i razrushenie zhelezo-betonnyh plit pri visokoskorostnom udare letyashim predmetom konechnoj zhestkosti (De-formation and destruction of reinforced concrete slabs under high-speed impact by a flying object of finite rigidity), Doctor's thesis, Tomsk, TGASU, 2007, 167 p. 
3. Radchenko P. A., Bataw S. P., Radchenko A. V. Fizi-cheskaya mekhanika, 2020, nо. 4, рp. 61-67. 
4. Griffith A. A. The Phemonema of Rupture and Flow in Solids, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Sereis A, 1921, vol. 221, pp. 163-198. 
5. Enciklopedia po mashinostroeniiy XXL. Oborudo-vanie, materialovedenie, mehanika i…, available at: https://mash-xxl.info/ (14.10.2021). 
6. Ivanov V.N. (ed.). Diagnostika, remont, rekon-strukcia, stroitelstvo, Sbornik statei, Moscow, ZAO "Svetlitsa", 2015, 173 p. 
7. Dopolnitelnie tehnicheskie dogovornie usloviya i direktivi po tekushemu soderzhaniyu pokritij – metodi betonnogo stroitelstva, ZTV BEB-StB (Addi-tional technical contractual conditions and direc-tives on the current maintenance of road surfaces - methods of concrete construction, ZTV BEB-StB), Keln: FGSV, 2015, 97 p. 
8. Aerodromi, SP 121.13330.2019 (Airfields, Code of rules 121.13330.2019), Moscow, Standartinform, 2019, 94 p$. 
9. Babichev A.P., Babushkina N.A., Bratkovskij A.M., Brodov M.E., Bystrov M.V., Grigor'ev I.S., Mejlihov E.Z., Gofman R., Zhdan A.G., Sandomirskij V.B., Frenkel' V.YA. Moskovchenko N.YA., Savina G.A., Ginevskij A.S., Prohorov A.M., Belovolov M.I., Che-renkov P.A., Kucenko A.V. Fizicheskie velichini. Spravochnik (Physical quantities. Handbook), Mos-cow, Energoatomizdat, 1991, 1232 p.

Abstract:

More than 90 % of passenger traffic and more than 93 % of freight traffic in the Republic of Tajiki-stan are accounted for by road transport, therefore, roads, incl. international, are of key importance for the economic development of the country. In 2011, the State Target Program for the Develop-ment of the Transport Complex of the Republic of Tajikistan until 2025 was approved, and a phased improvement and development of roads of international importance is currently being carried out. The development of the international highways in Tajikistan, including the Gorno-Badakhshan Au-tonomous Region (GBAR), is a priority for the government of the country. The purpose of the con-struction and reconstruction of the road section between Kulyab and Kalaikhum is to improve transport links along the Kulyab - Khorog road - the border of China and Afghanistan (Pamir High-way, increase in passenger and freight traffic). The implementation of this project was divided into six road sections, the construction of some has already been completed, the rest are under recon-struction and construction.

Keywords: international roads, mountain roads, construction, pass, geodynamic processes, mountainous ter-rain, strengthening of slopes, road conditions.

References:

1. Karimov B.B., Mirzayants G.Yu., Uralov B.Kh. Up-ravleniye dorozhnymi otraslyami stran SNG (Man-agement of road industries in the CIS countries), Moscow, Intransdornauka, 2010, 320 p. 
2. Statisticheskij ezhegodnik Respubliki Tadzhikistan – 2020 (Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Ta-jikistan – 2020), Dushanbe, OOO “ToRus”, 2020, 495 p. 
3. Protokol o mezhdunarodnyh avtomobil'nyh dorogah Sodruzhestva Nezavisimyh Gosudarstv, available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901766332 (10.01.2022). 
4. Shilakadze T.A., Karimov B.B., Mahsumov V.H. Gornye dorogi. Ekspluataciya, remont i soderzha-nie (Mountain roads. Operation, repair and maintenance), Tbilisi, Nacional'naya akademiya nauk Gruzii, 2021, 320 p. 
5. Krasikov O.A. Rovnost' pokrytiya nezhestkikh dorozhnykh odezhd (Evenness of the coating of non-rigid road clothes), Moscow, Gos INTI, 2019, 317 p. 
6. Akhmedov K.M. Mezhdunarodnyye avtomo-bil'nyye dorogi (International Highways), Moscow, Intransdornauka, 2013, 398 p.

Abstract:

To increase the inter-repair service life of road structures, the issues of the use of cold asphalt con-crete mixtures for patching road surfaces are considered. The types of pit repair of asphalt concrete coatings with the use of various materials are given. The process of preparation of repair cold as-phalt concrete mixtures in forced-action installations is considered. The issues of warehousing, cold asphalt concrete mixtures in an open stack, packaging in bags and containers are considered. The main technological operations of pit repair using cold asphalt concrete mixtures are given. The compositions of additives to reduce the traceability of cold asphalt concrete mixtures are given and the temperature ranges of their production at the ABZ are considered. Methods of cooling ready-made cold asphalt concrete mixtures before their storage are proposed. The technology of prepara-tion of cold repair asphalt concrete mixtures with the use of bitumen emulsions is considered. The requirements for repair mixtures used at negative air temperature for operational and emergency pothole sealing coatings containing liquid bitumen modified with adhesive and polymer additives are given. In order to obtain a denser structure of asphalt concrete during patching of the pave-ment, it is proposed to introduce an additive of granodiorite crushed stone screening into the com-position of the repair mixture during its preparation.

Keywords: automobile road, inter-repair terms, transport and operational condition of road surfac-es, pit repair, cold asphalt concrete mixes.

References:

1. Yarmolinskiy V.A., Kamenchukov A.V. Transportnoye stroitelstvo, 2018, no. 7, pp. 18-20. 
2. Yarmolinskiy V.A., Lebedeva Yu.N., Belokon V.S. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoy otrasli, 2020, no. 4(94), pp. 10-12. 
3. Parfenov A.A., Martynova A.S. Dalniy Vostok: problemy razvitiya arkhitekturno-stroitelnogo kompleksa, 2017, no. 1, pp. 80–84. 
4. Leonovich I.I., Bogdanovich S.V., Nesterovich I.V. Diagnostika avtomobilnykh dorog (Diagnostics of highways), Minsk, Novoye znaniye, Moscow, INFRA-M, 2011, 350 p. 
5. Ushakov. V.V., Yarmolinskiy V.A. Ustroystvo shchebenochno-mastichnykh asfaltobetonnykh pokrytiy s uchetom dorozhno-klimaticheskogo rayonirovaniya (The device of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete coatings taking into ac-count road-climatic zoning), Moscow, MADI, 2021, 110 p. 
6. Grishin I.V., Kayumov R.A., Ivanov G.P. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroi-telnogo universiteta, 2013, no. 2(24), pp. 99–107. 
7. Yastremskiy D.A., Abaydullina T.N., Chepur P.V. Sovremennyye naukoyemkiye tekhnologii, 2016, no. 3-2, pp. 307–310. 
8. Shishkin E. A. Stroitelnyye i dorozhnyye mashiny, 2019, no. 1, pp. 50–52. 
9. Docenko A.I., Sokolov A.A. Mekhanizaciya stroitel'stva, 2014, no. 7(841), pp. 49–53. 
10. Nemchinov M.V., Holin S.A. Vestnik MADI, 2019, no. 4(59), pp. 70–76. 
11. Ushakov V.V., Goryachev M.G., Shvedenko S.V. Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2018, no. 2(16), p. 7. 
12. Kalashnikova T.N., Sokol'skaya M.B. Stroitel'stvo i remont asfal'tobetonnyh pokrytij (Construction and repair of asphalt concrete pavements), Mos-cow, Ekon-Inform, 2010, 344 p.

Abstract:

The article discusses an intelligent system for monitoring the work of drivers of commercial passen-ger vehicles, based on the use of telematics equipment and aimed at improving road safety. The use of the capabilities of on-board navigation and communication equipment, implemented on the ba-sis of a digital tachograph, mandatory for public passenger transport facilities, in conjunction with devices for collecting data on the operating modes of the vehicle, taking into account its location on the road network in order to prevent violations of traffic rules, will help to increase the level of road safety in the organization of transportation, including reducing the severity of the consequences of an accident.

References:

1. O bezopasnosty dorozhnogo dvigeniya, Federal’ny zakon ot 10.12.1995 № 196-FZ (On safety of road movement of 10.12.1995 no. 196-FZ. Redaction of 29.11.2021). 
2. Strategiya bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya v Rossiyskoy Federatciy na 2018-2024 gody (Road Safety Strategy in the Russian Federation for 2018 – 2024. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1-r dated 08.01.2018). 
3. Barshev V., Rossijskaya gazeta, 2018, no. 81(7544), available at: https://rg.ru/2018/04/16/oon-priniala-rezoliuciiu-rf-o-povyshenii-bezopasnosti-dorozhnogo-dvizheniia.html (10.01.2022). 
4. Mitroshin D.V. Dorozhno-transportnaya avary-inost’ v Rossiyskoy Federatcii za 9 mesyatcev 2021 goda (Road traffic accidents in the Russian Feder-ation for 9 months of 2021), Moscow, FKU «NC BDD MVD Russia», 2021, 39 p. 
5. Vlasov V.M., Efimenko D.B., Bogumil V.N. Prime-nenie tcifrovoy infrastructury i telematicheskikh system na gorodskom passazhirskom transporte (Application of digital infrastructure and telemat-ics systems in urban passenger transport), Mos-cow, INFRA-M, 2018, 352 p. 
6. Vlasov V.M., Avtotransportnoe predpriyatie, 2016, no. 12, pp. 3-7. 
7. Bogumil V.N., Duque M.J. Estimation of Passenger Load for Urban Passenger Transport on the Route, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and En-gineering, 2020, vol. 832(1), art. no. 012043. 
8. Gorev A.E., Ospanov D.T. Proektirovanie system gorodskogo transporta (Design of urban transport systems), Saint-Peterspurg, IPK “KOSTA”, 2018, 352 p. 
9. Bogumil V.N., Duque Sarango M. Telematika na gorodskom passazhirskom transporte (Telematics on urban passenger transport), Moscow, INFRA-M, 2022, 200 p. 
10. Vlasov V.M., Maktas B.Y., Bogumil V.N., Konin I.V. Besprovodnye tekhnologie na avtomobil’nom transporte. Global’naya navigatciya I opredelenie mestopolozheniya transportnych sredstv (Wireless technologies in road transport. Global navigation and vehicle location determination), Moscow, IN-FRA-M, 2017, 184 p.

Abstract:

The article reviews the foreign experience of household waste disposal, identifies the best technolo-gies used abroad. The technology of household waste management used in Russia is considered, a comparative analysis of technologies is carried out, their advantages and disadvantages are re-vealed. The authors propose solutions aimed at improving the logistics system of household waste in Russia. The research topic is relevant and necessary. To improve the efficiency of the domestic waste management system in Russia, it is necessary to take into account the successful experience of other countries and apply a combined approach that includes all the listed engineering systems. The formation of logistics of household waste based on the use of navigation technologies will improve the efficiency of transportation by transmitting information about the location of the necessary frac-tions to plants-consumers of secondary raw materials. The proposed provisions can be used in fur-ther scientific research to optimize the process of disposal of household waste, which as a result can lead to an improvement in the environmental situation.

Keywords: household wast, separate collection, automation, residential buildings, logistics of secondary raw materials.

References:

1. Gudjoyan O.L., Sidorova E.S., Atrokhov N.A., Tro-fimenko Yu.V. Inzhenernaya zashchita okruzhay-ushchey sredy pri obrashchenii s otkhodami pro-izvodstva i potrebleniya (Engineering environmen-tal protection in the management of production and consumption waste), Moscow, INFRA-M, 2019, 205 p. 
2. Efimenko D.B., Zaikin, R.N., Filatov, S.A. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Progress transportnykh sredstv i sistem – 2018”, Volgograd, VolgGTU, 2018, pp. 231-232. 
3. Anserov Yu.M., Durnev V.D. Mashinostroyeniye i okhrana okruzhayushchey sredy (Mechanical en-gineering and environmental protection), Mos-cow, INFRA-M, 2020, 224 p. 
4. Kuryntseva P.A., Selivanovskaya S.Yu. Obrash-cheniye s otkhodami proizvodstva i potrebleniya (Waste management of production and consump-tion), Kazan, Kazanskiy universitet, 2018, 64 p. 
5. Vasil'yeva Ye.A., Levin A.V. Tekhnologiya obrash-cheniya s tverdymi kommunal'nymi otkhodami (Technology for handling solid municipal waste), St. Petersburg, VSHTE SPbGUPTD, 2019, Part 1, 61 p. 
6. Vitkovskaya S.Ye. Tverdyye bytovyye otkhody: an-tropogennoye zveno biologicheskogo krugovorota (Solid household waste: an anthropogenic link in the biological cycle), St. Petersburg, AFI, 2012, 132 p. 
7. Dobroserdova E.A., Fedorova S.F. Organizatsiya i obrashcheniye s tverdymi bytovymi otkhodami: uchebnoye posobiye (Organization and manage-ment of solid household waste), Kazan, Iz-datel'stvovo Kazanskogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta, 2018, 83 p.