«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 4(71), December 2022

Abstract.

The article presents and analytical substantiation the ideology of the distribution of torques between the axles and wheels of one of the axles of a two-axle four-wheel drive vehicle to ensure stability in curved motion. A two-axle vehicle is considered, the transmission of which can distribute torques be-tween the axles and the wheels of one of the axles. A system of differential equations in terms of the slip angles of the «middle» wheels of the front and rear axles. Using the second Lyapunov method, the ideology of control the transmission units for various cases of ensuring stable curvilinear movement of the car is determined. The resulting control ideology makes it possible to ensure a stable curvilinear movement of a two-axle wheeled vehicle with the possibility of distributing torques between the axles and the wheels of one of the axles in various driving conditions. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analytical substantiation of the ideology of transmission control of a two-axle wheeled vehi-cle equipped with a dynamic stabilization system by well-known mathematical approaches. The practical utility (value) of the research lies in the possibility of applying the reasonable ideology of manage-ment in the development of control algorithms in modern systems of dynamic stabilization of vehicles.

Keywords: two-axle all-wheel drive vehicles, vehicle stability, torque vectoring, Lyapunov method.

References

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Abstract.

The relevance of implementation of on-line diagnostics of automotive alternators is caused by the need for uninterrupted power supply of most units and systems of vehicles. The purpose of this article is to develop an analytical model, which establishes the influence on the value of electromotive force (EMF) of alternator technical condition of the rotor winding. The leading method of determining the technical condition of the rotor winding is estimation of EMF at the alternator output, which is directly proportional to the value of the generated magnetic flux. The analytical model is based on the dependence of magnetic flux (EMF) on the rotor winding current, which is approximated in the best way by the polynomial of the third degree. The main results of research are dependences of magnetic flux (EMF of gen-erator) on variation of rotation frequency and rotor winding current. Change of technical condition of rotor winding and closely related to it brush-contact unit is accompanied by change of basic structural parameter — electrical resistance of rotor winding circuit. Study of influence of characteristic faults (breakage and inter-turn fault) showed that deviation of rotor winding resistance from nominal value leads to reduction of magnetic flux (EMF of generator). Materials of the article will be used in the de-velopment of on-board device for on-line diagnostics of vehicle power supply system.

Keywords: automotive alternator, rotor winding, electrical resistance, magnetization curve, approximation meth-ods, physical fault modeling.

Abstract.

The article examines the influence of a mixture of snow and anti-icing materials on the correctness of the radar operation during operation in winter of cars equipped with adaptive cruise control. As a result, there are violations in the operation of the radar, which can lead to an accident. This problem is typical for the most part for operating conditions in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to describe the methodology developed by the authors of comparative tests of cars on public roads. The objective of this technique is to compare the behavior of cars with different radar locations when operating adaptive cruise control on public roads in winter conditions. As part of the task, an algorithm for preparing for the tests has been developed. The equipment required for testing is described. The number of cars involved, as well as their mutual location on the roadway during the tests, is justified. The responsibilities of each member of the test team are specified and described in detail. A method of measuring the thickness of the layer of snow-mud deposits on the radiator lining has been developed. The choice of the length of the mileage tests and the direction of movement is justified in order to ob-tain a sufficient number of measurements for subsequent analysis. In the future, it is planned to con-duct practical research with the publication of the results obtained.

Keywords: adaptive cruise control, deicers, radar, snow-mud mixture, car-leader, set speed.

References

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Abstract.

This article provides an overview of the available mobile models for testing automatic emergency braking systems (AEBS). The requirements for a cyclist's mobile device were analyzed according to the ISO 19206-4:2020 standard to evaluate the effectiveness of AEBS. The parameters of visual properties, infrared visibility, radiation properties, mass and collision resistance are described. The design of the cyclist's layout has been developed and manufactured. The design features of the cyclist's layout are: the frame is made of polypropylene pipes, the bicycle wheels are made of plywood, the torso and limbs of the bicycle driver's layout are made of foam, the movement of the layout in the longitudinal direction is provided by a traction wheel electric drive with radio control. The results of an experimental study of the radar and optical visibility of a bicycle layout for the organs of technical vision of electronic driver assistance systems are presented. For the experimental study, the laboratory of the department «Cars» of MADI was used on the basis of a Chevrolet Orlando equipped with a Continental ARS 408-21 Pre-mium radar and an intelligent Mobileye driver assistance system. The assessment of radar visibility is presented in comparison with the real characteristics of a cyclist. The consequences of a car collision with a mockup are analyzed. Measures are proposed to finalize the layout to achieve the required amount of radio reflection.

Keywords: safety, driver assistance systems, AEBS, unprotected road users, tests.

References

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Abstract.

The possibilities of joint use of casting and 3D printing in the manufacture of master models of parts for road construction and hoisting and transport machines are analyzed. The conditions for the use of master models in conjunction with investment casting (including the use of silicone molds, as well as the feasibility of their use) are described. It is shown that it is most promising to use FDM technology for the manufacture of master models. The results of experimental studies of the dependence of the impact strength parameter on 3D printing modes are presented, which make it possible to select print-ing modes for master models with optimal performance properties. Experimental studies were carried out on a Testsystems TCKM-300 pendulum impact tester. As objects of study, samples of impact-resistant ABS plastic of the REC brand (the most common material used in many areas of mechanical engineering and related industries) were selected. The factors affecting the quality of ABS plastic prod-ucts manufactured under various 3D printing modes have been established, the main advantages and disadvantages of ABS plastic in the manufacture of master models have been identified. A list of the main parameters that must be taken into account when choosing the modes of 3D printing of master models has been determined. It has been established that the best strength characteristics of master models made using 3D printing are achieved at 60% infill and a print speed of 45 mm/s. The prospects for the use of casting and 3D printing in the manufacture of parts for road-building and hoisting-and-transport machines are determined.

Keywords: 3D printing, casting, master model, technological modes, impact strength, FDM technology.

References

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Abstract.

The article defines the concept of building an information and analytical platform for managing road freight transportation (RFT), based on the principles of synthesis of methods for managing the structural dynamics of complex systems in the form of an analytical model that allows searching for a correspondence between the information situation and the solution. The principles of mathematical model-ing of processes in the information and analytical platform are formed, namely: the implementation of an object-oriented approach in the formation of the information space of possible solutions and the division into subsystems and levels on the principle of uniformity of technology and heterogeneity of information states. Based on the formed approach, an information and analytical platform has been developed in the RFT management system, which allows reflecting the change of variables over time for a specific process from the standpoint of multivariate forecasting, and the tools for obtaining solutions used in the simulation modeling mechanism can be transformed in relation to a particular pro-cess, depending on the information situation corresponding to the conditions of the RFT process.

routing, road transport system, optimization algorithm, multi-criteria task, software.Keywords:

References

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Abstract.

This paper investigates the design features of an input-separated hybrid drivetrain for a hybrid am-phibious vehicle of the middle class (HAVMC). Generally, a series-parallel hybrid drivetrain can be di-vided into three different types such as input split, output split and compound split. In a further study, the power transmission characteristics for six possible combinations of a split input hybrid transmission are analysed, followed by simulations in Matlab software. The relationship between torque and speed of input and output shafts is calculated using a mathematical method. Possible combinations of hybrid transmission with divided input power with a single planetary gear are considered. Plots of the ratio of power divided by electric path to engine power and possible transmission ratios with limitation of max-imum electric motor power under the engine power are plotted. Fuel economy calculations were made for the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Cycle (HFEDC) and Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75) test drive cy-cles. A table of the optimum planetary gear ratio for each assumed system is generated. On the basis of the results, a conclusion is formed to take into account the specifics of the hybrid transmission de-sign.

Keywords: special purpose vehicle, hybrid powertrain, hybrid transmission, direct transfer point, fuel economy.

References

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Abstract.

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11. Shilovsky V.N., Golstein G.Yu. Resources and Tech-nology, 2020, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 95-106, doi 10.15393/j2.art.2020.5462.

Abstract.

The article presents the results of a study of the operational and technical state of airfield pavements under conditions of flooding of clay soils of the base, including the results of the analysis of data from visual and instrumental surveys, a causal relationship is established for the occurrence of the investi-gated defect of airfield pavements. The analysis of the data of long-term monitoring of the investigated defect of airfield pavements and georadar survey, carried out by the authors, established a relation-ship between the quantitative values of the indicators of the manifestation of the defect, environmental conditions in terms of the temperature regime and the state of soil masses at the base of the airfield pavement. Two periods of the state of the parameters of the investigated defect and the state of the natural soil base are distinguished — the period of stabilization and the period of progression. Possible methods for eliminating the defect under study are proposed with a description of the risk factors for their use. An analysis of the root cause of the formation of the defect under study was carried out with the formulation of a promising direction for the development of regulatory measures in the course of construction and installation work on the installation of airfield pavements.

Keywords: airfield, pavement, taxiway, defect, ledge, reconstruction, heaving soil, monitoring, loess-like soil.

References

1. Stepushin A.P., Saburenkova V.A. Vestnik MADI, 2017, no. 1(48), pp. 84-89.
2. Vinogradov A.P. Nauka I texnika v dorozhnoj ot-rasli, 2018, no. 3(85), pp. 34-36.
3. Suladze M.D., Fedulov V.K. Ekspluatacionno-tehnicheskoe sostoyanie zhestkih aerodromnyh pokrytij (Operation and technical condition of rig-id airfield pavements), Moscow, Nauka, 2019, 102 p.
4. Vinogradov A.P., Tsopanov E.S. Nauka I texnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2020, no. 1(91), pp. 4-6.
5. Tatarinov V.V., Tsopanov E.S. Nauka I texnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2020, no. 1(91), pp. 2-3.
6. Vinogradov A.P. Raschet, konstruirovanie, ocenka zhestkix pokry’tij ae’rodromov s uchetom zadannoj dolgovechnosti (Analysis, design, evaluation of rig-id aerodrome pavements with account of given longevity), Moscow, Svetlicza, 2014, 148 p.
7. Andronov V.D., Vinogradov A.P. Nauka I texnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2022, no. 2(101), pp. 35-39.
8. Vinogradov B.A. Avtomobil’. Doroga. Infrastruktu-ra, 2018, no. 4(18), p. 7.
9. Shuvaev A.N., Panova M.V., Kartavy S.V. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Neft' i gaz, 2020, no. 1, pp. 114-121.
10. Kuz’mina V.P. Tekhnologii betonov, 2017, no. 3-4 (128-129), pp. 41-46.
11. Ekkel S.V. Nauka I texnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2022, no. 3(102), pp. 14-19.

Abstract.

The article considers the use of construction materials obtained from recycled waste during the con-struction of road pavements. These technologies are of great interest both for builders and ecologists all over the world, as the use of recycled materials reduces the cost of construction due to their low price also allowing to solve several serious environmental problems, such as waste disposal, reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, conservation of non-renewable natural resources, etc. Examples of the use of following materials in road construction in Russia and abroad are given: asphalt-concretes modified with recycled plastic, «green» concrete, construction waste (asphalt-concrete and cement-concrete scrap, broken bricks). It is noted that these materials and technologies have long been known to road builders and are now being adapted to modern conditions. The author also draws attention to the fact that Russia in this respect lags behind foreign countries, despite the presence of interesting developments, which, however, do not come to practical implementation. According to the author, a full-fledged solution to this problem is possible by establishing a state program, the purpose of which would be the development of secondary building materials and the development of industries for their creation.

Keywords: strength, durability, road pavement, polymers, concrete, reliability, asphalt concrete, waste recycling.

References

1. Maiorov V.I. Materialy IV Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii «Aktual'nye voprosy kontrolya i nadzora v social'no znachimyh sferah deyatel'nosti obshchestva i gosudarstva», Nizhniy Novgorod, NNGU, 2018, pp. 97-119.
2. Korochkin A.V. Trebuemaja prochnost’ konstrukciy dorozhnikh odezhd avtomobilnikh magistraley (Needed durability of highway pavement con-structions), Moscow, Tekhpoligrafcentr, 2020, 196 p.
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8. Urkhanova L.A., Rozina V.E. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2011, no. 10(57), pp. 97-100.
9. Romanenko I. I., Romanenko M.I., Petrovnina I.N., Pint E.M., Elichev K.A. Internet-zhurnal Nau-kovedenie, 2015, vol. 7, no. 1(26), p. 86.
10. Chazov A. V., Sokolov S. A. Vestnik Permskogo natsionalnogo issledovatelskogo politekhnich-eskogo universit’eta. Stroitel'stvo i arhitektura, 2016, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 5-10.

Abstract.

The COVID-19 pandemic, the regular increase in diesel fuel prices, the introduction of the Platon system, and the current political situation have dealt a significant blow to the road freight market. How-ever, the problem of destruction of the road surface due to the dynamic impact of vehicle loads is still relevant. Depreciation of the road surface reduces the average speed of the traffic flow, contributes to an increase in accidents and increases the financial costs of road maintenance. Permissible values of the total mass and axle load, measured in a static state, are regulated by the Rules for the Transportation of Goods by Road Transport, and the conditional standard loads from vehicles for the design of public roads and bridge structures are established by GOST R 52748-2007. To organize weight control, mobile and stationary weight control points, as well as on-board weight control systems are used. In-creasing the gross vehicle weight is an important aspect from a logistical point of view. It is known that with an increase in the speed of movement, the wear of the road surface increases significantly. How-ever, the authors note that when braking vehicles, especially on the descent, under the action of the longitudinal force of inertia, there is a redistribution of vertical reactions on the wheels, which are transmitted through the contact patch of the elastic tire with the road surface, which is characterized by pressure. The load on the front axle increases significantly, and when the semi-trailer train is braked, the weight of the semi-trailer is redistributed through the fifth wheel to the rear axle or the tractor bogie. In this study, the authors set the task of estimating the pressure on the road surface during braking for various cases of distribution of the total mass of the road train along the axles. To solve the prob-lem, the authors considered various schemes for distributing the total mass along the axes, developed a mathematical model for calculating the vertical reactions on the wheels during braking on a longitudinal slope and the pressure on the road surface, taking into account the geometric characteristics of the road train and the actual tire parameters.

Keywords: rules for the carriage of goods by road, geometric characteristics, mass center.

References

1. Nosov V.P., Frolkina S.S. Nauka i tehnika v dorozh-noj otrasli, 2015, no. 4, pp. 17-20.
2. Kristal'nyj S.R. Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2014, no. 2(2), p. 4.
3. Bondarev B.A., Shtefan Ju.V. Nauchnyj zhurnal. Inzhenernye sistemy i sooruzhenija, 2014, no. 4-3(17), pp. 13-20.
4. Vasil'ev Ju.Je., Ponarin G.A. Stroitel'nye materialy, 2016, no. 12, pp. 60-63.
5. Mel'nikov S.E., Mel'nikova T.E., Bulenina E.V. Ev-razijskoe Nauchnoe Ob'edinenie, 2015, vol. 2, no. 3(3), pp. 101-102.
6. Valiev Sh.N., Kokodeeva N.E., Karpeev S.V., Kochetkov A.V. Stroitel'nye materialy, 2016, no. 3, pp. 56-60.
7. Malinovskij M.P. Avtotransportnoe predprijatie, 2016, no. 6, pp. 17-21.
8. Fotiadi A.A., Rezunov Ju.V., Kozorezov N.V. Avto-mobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2016, no. 4(10), p. 6.
9. Aleksandrov S.B., Karamanjan L.V. Colloquium-journal, 2019, no. 12-2(36), pp. 76-80.
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11. Lutsenko E.A. International Journal of Advanced Studies, 2020, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 7-25.
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13. Kazakov O.Ju., Kustarev G.V. Nauchno-tehnicheskij vestnik Brjanskogo gosudarstvennogo universi-teta, 2019, no. 3, pp. 303-310.
14. Shaikhullin A.M., Smolko E.S. Science Journal of Transportation, 2022, no. 12, pp. 180-187.
15. Smolko E.S. Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2019, no. 4(22), p. 13.
16. Milichenkova Ju.V. Mezhdunarodnyj nauchno-issledovatel'skij zhurnal, 2019, no. 12-1(90), pp. 74-77.
17. Krylov V.A., Kar'jalajnen A.Je. Materialy Mezhdu-narodnoi konferentsii «Nauka i tehnika v dorozh-noj otrasli», Moscow, MADI, 2021, vol. 2, pp. 19-21.
18. Malinovsky M.P., Smolko E.S. Science Journal of Transportation, 2020, no. 10, pp. 62-72.
19. Kondrat'ev M.S., Kotljarskij Je.V. Vestnik Belgo-rodskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shuhova, 2010, no. 1, pp. 53-58.
20. Malinovskij M.P., Bazeev K.V., Baljasnikov I.V. Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2020, no. 2(24), p. 8.

Abstract.

The article considers the influence of material properties on the performance characteristics of metal road barrier fences using the example of typical barrier design. The validation of the barrier design was carried out by comparing the results of a virtual digital test by a car collision method with the results of full-scale tests. Based on the validated (basic) barrier model, other barriers models were created with various combinations of the steel’s mechanical characteristics, which were taken according to the pass-port data for the materials.

Keywords: finite element method (FEM), metal barrier fence, virtual digital test, digital model, true stress-strain curve of steel.

References

1. Olennikov V.D. Vestnik SGUPS, 2015, no. 1(32), pp. 22-24.
2. Dergunov S.A., Orehov S. A., Taranovskaja E.A., Samigullin N.R. Tendencii razvitija nauki i obra-zovanija, 2017, no. 26-4, pp. 69-71.
3. Andreev K.P., Terent'ev V.V., Shemjakin A.V. Transport. Transportnye sooruzhenija. Jekologija, 2018, no. 1, pp. 5-12.
4. Ochirova P.I. Molodoj uchenyj, 2019, no. 12(250), pp.194-197.
5. Andreev K.P., Borychev S.N., Terent'ev V.V., Shemjakin A. V. Gruzovik, 2021, no. 6, pp. 43-48.
6. Sungatullina K.A. Vestnik NCBZhD, 2022, no. 2 (52), pp. 126–135.
7. Eliseev V.V., Oborin E.A. Nauka i tehnika v dorozh-noj otrasli, 2014, no. 1(67), pp. 9-11.
8. Dem'janushko I.V., Karpov I.A., Tavshavadze B.T., Krylov A.O. Transportnoe stroitel'stvo, 2017, no. 6, pp. 5-8.
9. Dem'janushko I.V. Mir dorog, 2020, no. 132, pp. 52-58.
10. Kisel'kov A.L., Shukjurov A.O. Aktual'nye voprosy mashinovedenija, 2020, vol. 9, pp. 124-130.

Abstract.

The article deals with the development of unified navigation and communication equipment with tachograph functions to control drivers of commercial passenger vehicles. The relevance of monitoring the work of vehicle drivers is justified by the fact that the driver of the vehicle remains the main source of dangerous situations on the road. At the same time, a significant part of accidents on the roads oc-cur due to overwork of drivers. The approach to the development of unified navigation and communication equipment is based on the comparative analysisresults of modern tachographs and telematic devices for urban passenger transport vehicles. It is shown that the direction of development of tacho-graph hardware and software goes in the direction of using satellite navigation and mobile communications. An analysis of the history of the step by step introduction of tachographs to control the work of drivers in Russia showed that the most effective way to introduce this type of equipment is its development by specialized companies with subsequent installation at manufacturing plants. Using the capabilities of on-board telematics equipment to implement the function of a digital tachograph and in-stalling it on vehicles at manufacturing plants will help increase the level of traffic safety in the organization of transportation, including reducing the severity of traffic accidents.

Keywords: telematic equipment, digital tachograph, traffic safety, control of vehicle drivers.

References

1. Chernikov M.Yu., Mitroshen D.V., Bakanov K.S., Ermaganbetov A.S., Isaev M.M. Bezopasnost' dorozhnogo dvizheniya, Sbornik nauchnyh trudov, Moscow, FKU «NTs BDD of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia», 2020, pp. 3-29.
2. Boronina V.S., Naumov S.B. Dorozhno-transportnaya avarijnost' v Rossijskoj Federacii za 9 mesyacev 2019 goda (Road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation for 12 months of 2019), Moscow, FKU «NTs BDD of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia», 2019, 27 p.
3. Vlasov V.M. Avtotransportnoe predpriyatie, 2016, no. 12, pp. 3-7.
4. Vlasov V.M., Efimenko D.B. Fundamental'noe i prikladnoe koordinatno-vremennoe i navigacion-noe obespechenie (KVNO-2007), Sbornik statei, St. Petersburg, IPA RAN, 2007, pp. 32-35.
5. Vlasov V.M., Kudryavcev A.A., Voronov P.O. Novosti navigacii, 2021, no. 2, pp. 52-58.
6. Vlasov V.M., Bogumil V.N., Efimenko D.B. Avtotran-sportnoe predpriyatie, 2013, no. 11, pp. 24-27.
7. Vlasov V.M. Avtotransportnoe predpriyatie, 2016, no. 12, pp. 3-7.
8. Kakie faktory vliyayut na bezopasnost' dorozhnogo dvizheniya, available at: https://avtobddinfo.ru/faq/dorozhnye-usloviya-i-bezopasnost-dvizheniya (08.07.2022).
9. Kazanova L.A., Linnik T.M., Mitroshen D.V. Upravlenie deyatel'nost'yu po obespecheniyu bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya: sostoyanie, problemy, puti sovershenstvovaniya, 2019, no. 1(2), pp. 217-222.
10. Filippova N.O., Vlasov V.M. Nauchnyj vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta grazhdanskoj aviacii, 2019, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 55-65, doi 10.26467/2079-0619-2019-22-6-55-65.
11. Hours of Service for Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers; Regulatory Guidance Concerning Off-Duty Time, available at: https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hours-service/hours-service-commercial-motor-vehicle-drivers-regulatory-guidance (08.07.2022).
12. Electronic Logging Devices, available at: https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/hours-service/elds/electronic-logging-devices (08.07.2022).