«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 3(78), September 2024

Abstract

This article presents the results of an experimental study of the abrasion process of cement concrete pavements, depending on the type of coarse aggregate used in the concrete mixture. During the study, ten different compositions of concrete mixtures with various types of coarse aggregates were selected, such as: gabbro (fractions 4-8 mm), gabbro (fractions 5-10 and 10-20 mm), porphyrite (fractions 5-15 mm), and granite (fractions 5-20 mm). Based on the results of the selection of concrete mixture compositions, experimental sections were set up on the ring stand for accelerated testing of road materials at the MADI landfill. A simulated wheel load was applied to these experimental sections, representing the passage of a car's studded rubber tire at a speed of 90 km/h for a total of 250,000 passes. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of concrete mixture composition on the abrasion process of concrete pavements, we determined the following technological characteristics of concrete mixtures and physicomechanical characteristics of concretes with different coarse aggregates. Based on this research, conclusions were drawn about the influence of the size and strength of the coarse aggregate of the concrete mixture and the strength of concrete on the abrasion of cement concrete pavements under the influence of studded rubber. The results obtained make it possible to select the compositions of concrete mixtures taking into account the reduction of rutting on cement concrete road surfaces.

Keywords: concrete pavement, concrete mixture, coarse aggregate, abrasion, rut depth

References

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10. Prihodko V. M., Vasiliev Yu. E. Promyšlennoe i graždanskoe stroitelʹstvo, 2014, no. 12, pp. 37-40.

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the current issues of the construction of underground transport structures in the engineering and geological conditions of Hanoi (Vietnam), which are characterized by the presence of layers of weak clays, water-saturated sandy-clayey, and peat soils. The construction of underground structures in such soils is practically impossible due to inevitable settlements. Practical experience has been analyzed, and the prospects of using soil stabilization technology with Jet grouting under road tunnels to prevent unacceptable deformations have been considered. The article examines the application of the two most common soil models: the Mohr-Coulomb elastic-plastic model and the Hardening Soils model. The results of numerical studies are presented using the example of constructing an excavation pit in the central part of Hanoi with these models based on the «Plaxis 3D» software package. A comparison of the obtained results with field data is provided. It was found that the Hardening Soils model more accurately describes the behavior of the soil mass under real conditions. The effectiveness of using Jet grouting technology to reduce vertical deformations of road tunnels in the conditions of Hanoi has been substantiated. The impact of the spacing of Jet grouting boreholes on tunnel displacements has been analyzed, and the optimal spacing has been justified.

Keywords: Mohr-Coulomb model, Hardening soil model, Jet grouting, vertical displacements, settlements, reinforcement of weak soils, Plaxis 3D

References

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Abstract

The article examines the cause-and-effect relationship between the sources causing destruction and the defects themselves that occur on the airfield pavement. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the destruction of airfield pavements, which can occur at any stage of the life cycle, is a consequence of the effects of mechanical loads, climatic conditions, and the properties of building materials are also of great importance. The most common cracks that occur are those of a force nature. The article provides diagrams of the mechanism of cause-and-effect relationships, a diagram of the formation of a gap under a coating slab under load, a diagram of crack formation in the coating depending on the location of the load and the number of support wheels. To assess the change in the stress-strain state, a model of a slab made of heavy concrete was calculated, and a soil layer was taken as the base. And the load applied to the slab was located in the center, along the short and long edges and in the corner. The calculation was carried out using the finite element method using the Basys program, the results of which are listed in the table. When assigning a safety category, on which the technical and economic indicators of coating repair depend, it should be carried out on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of cause-and-effect relationships for the formation of damage. In conclusion, it was concluded that it is advisable to use such a mechanism when assessing the results of an airfield pavement survey.

Keywords: airfield pavement, airport operation, pavement defects, Basys program

References

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Abstract

The article discusses a method for calculating the amount of hydraulic energy resulting from changes in the potential and kinetic energy of the moving masses of excavator equipment and recovered using a pneumatic hydraulic accumulator. Mathematical models for calculating the law of motion of links in the space of generalized coordinates of the system, direct and inverse problems of dynamics using the Euler-Lagrange method, and the polytropic process of charging and discharging a pneumatic hydraulic accumulator are shown. The pressure levels in the hydraulic lines of the system while moving according to a given law are shown, as well as the process of charging the pneumatic hydraulic accumulator when the system reaches the maximum level of kinetic energy. The pressure levels and volumes of hydraulic oil in the pneumatic hydraulic accumulator are calculated for the recovery of energy from the swing motor and boom hydraulic cylinders. The use of the volumetric flow of the accumulator to drive the hydraulic motor of the platform rotation in energy recovery mode is shown. Conclusions are made about the most appropriate modes for energy recovery, as well as about the effective use of recovery with the most accurate determination of the time and duration of battery activation based on preliminary modeling of the subsequent movement of the equipment. The direction of promising application of the described approach for the development of modern automated traffic control systems is set.

Keywords: excavator, energy recovery, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, pneumatic hydraulic accumulator, system dynamics, kinetic and potential energy of the system, charging pressure

References

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Abstract

Speed bumps are widely used in order to limit the speed of vehicles on road networks. Solving the problem of reducing the speed of vehicles in such way simultaneously leads to an increase in vehicle vibration and a reducing of ride comfort. The paper performs an analytical calculation of the vertical vibrations that occur when a vehicle moves over irregularities of this type. For the calculation, a quarter-car model of vertical vibrations of the vehicle has been used. The form and dimensions of a bump are specified according to GOST 32964–2014 «Public roads. Prefabricated speed bumps. Technical requirements. Measuring methods». An assessment was made of the maximum vertical acceleration of the sprung mass when varying parameters such as the height and length of the bump, the speed of moving over the bump. It is shown that when using quarter-car model, the maximum vertical acceleration of the sprung mass increases with increasing bump height and decreases with increasing bump length. The influence of the speed of a vehicle moving over a bump on the value of the maximum vertical acceleration of the sprung mass was also studied. In the range of 10–80 km/h, as the vehicle speed increases, the value of the maximum vertical acceleration of the sprung mass first increases and then decreases. An analysis of the formula given in GOST 32964–2014 was also carried out, according to which it is recommended to evaluate the permissible value of the vertical inertial overload in the driver and passenger seats when moving over the bump. It is shown that this formula does not agree with the results of analytical calculations.

Keywords: analytical calculation of vehicle vibrations, speed bump, ride comfort, inertial overload of driver and passengers

References

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Abstract

Ensuring the safety of the operator of construction and utility equipment due to the design of the cabin frame, which protects against falling objects and overturning, is an urgent task. The article presents a solution to the optimization problem, which allows to increase operator safety in accordance with GOST R ISO 3471 (ROPS) and GOST R ISO 3449 (FOPS) standards. The purpose of the work is to ensure that the cabin design complies with regulatory requirements for passive safety and minimizes its weight due to optimal distribution and selection of the thickness of frame-type elements. The article presents a model of a mini-loader cabin for optimization, created in the Ansys Workbench and LS-DYNA programs. A comparative assessment of the safety of the cabin obtained after the interpretation of the optimization results and the cabin of the analogue was carried out on the basis of the results of a full-scale experiment conducted on a real structure. The object of the study is the cabin of a mini-loader. The subject of the study is the methods of designing power structures of vehicles and their use, taking into account the operating conditions. As a result of the work carried out, a cabin was designed, the structure of which has a bearing capacity higher than the analog cabin, while meeting the technological requirements and requirements for passive safety. The design obtained after interpreting the optimization results makes it possible to increase the level of passive operator safety and reduce the weight of the cabin.

Keywords: stress-strain state, finite element method, topological optimization, testing, FOPS, ROPS, mini loader, earthmoving machines

References

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Abstract

Based on Russian and foreign experience, the article examines the issues of quantifying the quality of public passenger transport services necessary to create effective public transport service systems in the cities of the Russian Federation. The Russian practice of setting requirements for the quality of passenger transportation and extensive foreign experience in the formation of indicators describing various aspects of travel convenience are considered. The factors determining the quality of public transport services such as time, convenience, cost, safety, comfort, are analyzed. The concept of convenience is defined as a criterion for the attractiveness of public passenger transport, the individual components of this complex indicator and methods of their assessment are considered. A formula is presented for a generalized assessment of the total costs associated with transportation by public passenger transport, and the procedure for converting this indicator into a generalized travel time that can adequately reflect the convenience of using public passenger transport is described. Based on a number of foreign studies, the concept of time multipliers is considered and the results of their evaluation used in the practice of work in various countries are presented. A summary assessment of the ranges of variation of these multipliers based on the results of various studies is given. Recommendations on the possibility of using the considered approach in Russian conditions are presented.

Keywords: public passenger transport, quality of public transport services, convenience of using public transport, generalized trip cost, generalized trip time

References

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Abstract

The article provides a methodology for calculating energy consumption (specific fuel consumption of various types, electricity for traction of electric vehicles and hybrids), greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by traffic flow of various composition, speed and intensity of movement, type of fuel used in a separate section, road network as a whole. An important problem of the impact of transport on the environment is being considered and an approach is being developed to assess the environmental footprint of traffic. The methodology includes several key steps. First, traffic data is collected, including information on the types of vehicles, their number, speed in certain sections of the road network or in larger territorial entities. Secondly, based on the collected data, the energy consumption of individual vehicles and the traffic flow as a whole, as well as the volume of greenhouse gas emissions, is calculated. The main idea of the article is the need to develop comprehensive approaches to assessing the impact of road transport on the environment. The analysis of such data makes it possible to make informed decisions on the development of urban infrastructure, taking into account the environmental situation.

Keywords: road network, traffic flow, reference vehicle, driving cycle, energy consumption, greenhouse gases, specific emissions, assessment methodology

References

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Abstract

The paper presents a general methodology for constructing a functional architecture of an intelligent transport system based on the following sequential actions: conducting surveys of stakeholders (control centers, institutions, organizations) involved in the implementation of the system services by establishing the composition and content of information flows organized between physical and functional objects of information systems; to perform surveys, the paper proposes a particular methodology for obtaining data using in-kind surveys, studying information from information systems, databases, transport models, and other sources; identifying the existing structure of intelligent transport system automation objects consisting of transport system objects, peripheral equipment, communication and data transmission equipment, and instrumental subsystems and modules, as well as developing this structure to the level of the designed requirements; establishing connections between modules, subsystems, and external information systems, on the one hand, and the intelligent transport system services, on the other hand, which ultimately completes the construction of a functional framework with the specified requirements for integration, implementation of functions, and achievement of services. The result of the application of the methodology is a diagram of the functional structure of the intelligent transport system, showing the connections between physical and functional objects that form a certain separate service group, indicating the content of functional processes. This approach, in general, meets modern requirements for the content of the functional architecture of intelligent transport systems. An example of the implementation of the methodology for the video surveillance subsystem, detection of road accidents and emergencies in the implementation of the service "Management of incidents related to transport" is given. In this case, domestic and foreign approaches were used, which were combined to make it possible to apply in the practice of implementing intelligent transport systems in Russian urban agglomerations.

Keywords: intelligent transport system, functional architecture, physical and functional objects of intelligent transport system

References

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Abstract

Applied tasks of evaluating the effectiveness of the route network determined the relevance of the presented article. The development of regular transportation in Russian cities is constrained by the lack of developed infrastructure, primarily the street and road network and development elements such as bus stops and turning areas. Creating a route network under such restrictions, including in conditions of competition with individual transport, is the most interesting research problem in building an optimal route network. The article provides an overview of the approaches used by the authors to collecting primary information on the intensity of public transport and the overall network load. The technologies for collecting and analyzing passenger traffic data are presented, including the use of geographic information systems that allow distributing the obtained primary data not only across the street and road network and transport infrastructure facilities, but also across the entire territory of the object under study. The article presents a sequence of selection and assessment of various scenarios for the development of a route network of regular transportation in a Russian city.

Keywords: public transport, transport demand, route network, public transport services

References

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Abstract

For the mass introduction of fully automated vehicles (FAVs), it will inevitably be necessary to identify their failures and minimize damage from them. This will be achieved by combining automatic detection of failures of any nature and type with emergency control of the components of the FAV after failure. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for identifying failures of repairable ground FAVs and subsequent emergency control of FAV components before providing technical assistance and repair. The developed methodology is designed to facilitate the development of software for FAV of different platforms and purposes using the manufacturer's data on the configuration and standards of FAV. Proposals are substantiated for the implementation of algorithms for automatic identification of the operating mode, detection of failures and emergency control of the components of a failed FAV. Emergency control will ensure an immediate response to FAV failures, a decrease in the likelihood of accidents due to their failures, a reduction in down-time, repair costs and the minimization of cargo losses and inconveniences for FAV passengers.

Keywords: automobile manufacturing, fully automated vehicles (FAV), algorithm, identification, failure, operating mode

References

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Abstract

With the global increase in urbanization, especially in developing countries, there is a growing need for efficient, low-cost and productive transport systems. One of these systems is Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), which over the past 40 years has spread around the world due to new types of passenger’s vehicles, intelligent transport systems (ITS). Despite its cheapness in comparison with rail modes of transport, BRT still requires significant investments in infrastructure when constructing. This means that at the planning stage it is necessary to look for the most effective options for organizing BRT. The article discusses various methods for selecting traffic corridors and routing BRP. The analysis of the methods is carried out, the main stages of calculation according to the methods are presented. The characteristics common to the considered methods are revealed. The need to develop a BRT organization planning method using agent-based transport modeling is formulated.

Keywords: bus rapid transit (BRT), intelligent transport systems, transport modelling, BRT corridors planning

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